DNA Replication

Root Words

DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Nucleotides: Building blocks of DNA 1) Sugar 2) Phosphate Group 3) Nitrogen Base Millions of nucleotides per strand of DNA

Nucleotides C T A A T G T 4 Different Bases: Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Human DNA: ~3 billion pairs RULE: A-T, C-G Nucleotides C T A A T G T

Double Helix James Watson and Francis Crick identified DNA’s structure in 1953 Rosalind Franklin also contributed to discovery of DNA structure Double Helix: spiral shape of DNA

DNA Replication Defined: Process of copying DNA Step 1: DNA Helicase “unzips” the two DNA strands (breaks the H bonds) Step 2: Free floating nucleotides (A, T, C, G) match up Step 3: DNA Polymerase reconnects the two strands

Base Pairing: Principle that A only bonds with T, and C only bonds with G

Base Pairing: Principle that A only bonds with T, and C only bonds with G Chargaff’s Rule: Adenine always bonds with Thymine, Cytosine, always bonds with Guanine. (Same as Base Pairing)

Base Pairing: Principle that A only bonds with T, and C only bonds with G Chargaff’s Rule: Adenine always bonds with Thymine, Cytosine, always bonds with Guanine. (Same as Base Pairing) DNA Polymerase: Enzyme that adds on matching base to one of the existing strands

Leading strand- Half of the newly split DNA that is replicated first

Leading strand- Half of the newly split DNA that is replicated first Lagging strand- Half of the newly split DNA that is replicated slower

Leading strand- Half of the newly split DNA that is replicated first Lagging strand- Half of the newly split DNA that is replicated slower

Okazaki Fragments- Short segments of DNA that is formed on the lagging strand

Mutation Change or mistake made during the DNA replication sequence

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