KENNEDY & THE COLD WAR JFK FOREIGN POLICY JFK Cold War Video Clips   http://mysteriousuniverse.org/2012/08/faking-the-second-coming/

JFK COLD WAR FOREIGN POLICY FLEXIBLE RESPONSE OTHER COUNTRIES JFK felt that Eisenhower had relied too heavily on nuclear weapons  he enacts “Flexible response” policy of containment = additional buildup of conventional troops & weapons (regular warfare). Costly but allowed U.S. to fight a limited style of warfare. JFK also created the Special Forces, or Green Berets, a small elite army unit established in the 1950s to combat/defend against guerrilla warfare (guerilla warfare was a common strategy of Communist rebels at the time) To improve Latin American relations, JFK proposed the Alliance for Progress = a series of cooperative aid projects with Latin American governments The Peace Corps = created to help less developed nations fight poverty, trained young Americans to spend 2 years assisting in a country -President Kennedy focused much of his time on foreign policy as the nation’s rivalry between the Soviet Union deepened. -Through a variety of programs, Kennedy attempted to curb communism and reduce the threat of nuclear war. -ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS: Over a 10-year period, $20 billion was promised to aid Latin America. In Chile, Colombia, Venezuela, and the Central American republics, real reform took place. In other countries, the governing rulers used the money to remain in power The Peace Corps is still active today and has become one of Kennedy’s most important and withstanding legacies

THE SPACE RACE During this time of increased tension between the United States and the Soviet Union, the two countries engaged in a space race, with each country hoping to dominate space to enhance their positions on Earth. Kennedy wanted Americans to be the first to reach the moon, and he pushed Congress to make it a reality. Neil Armstrong = 1st to step foot on the moon in 1969, during Nixon’s first administration

CRISES OF THE COLD WAR - BAY OF PIGS Cuba & its leader, Fidel Castro, began forming an alliance with the Soviet Union & its leader, Nikita Khrushchev. During Eisenhower’s presidency, the CIA had secretly trained & armed Cuban exiles known as La Brigada. Kennedy’s advisers approved a plan to invade Cuba using La Brigada. On April 17, 1961, 1,400 armed Cuban exiles landed at the Bay of Pigs on the south coast of Cuba. Disaster struck as Kennedy cancelled air support for the exiles in order to keep U.S. involvement a secret. Most of the La Brigada were either killed or captured by Castro’s army. Dark moment for administration because: The action revealed the American plot to overthrow a neighbor’s government. It made the United States appear weak and disorganized.   Bay of Pigs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qXZp8bxpNY (5:35 mins) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qXZp8bxpNY

CRISES OF THE COLD WAR – THE BERLIN WALL GOES UP After meeting with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, JFK refused to recognize East Germany or to have the United States–along with Great Britain & France–withdraw from Berlin. Soviets retaliated by constructing a wall through Berlin, stopping movement between the Soviet sector (E. Berlin) & the rest of the city. For the next 30 years, the Berlin Wall symbolized the Cold War division between East & West. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szjFKADu69U http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZCwlKiiZrs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xK30k2WTxY0 Berlin Wall http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szjFKADu69U (2:14 mins – building of wall) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZCwlKiiZrs (5 mins rise and fall of wall) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xK30k2WTxY0 (Regan speech -1:31 mins)

CRISES OF THE COLD WAR – THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvxuZMhmdxQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ig8UdfQKXSY CRISES OF THE COLD WAR – THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS Summer 1962, American intelligence agencies discovered that Soviet technicians & equipment had arrived in Cuba, & that military construction was in progress. Photographs proved that the Soviets had placed long-range missiles in Cuba. Kennedy ordered it stopped, but work on the site continued. JFK ordered a blockade of Cuba. Nuclear holocaust was feared. Neither Kennedy nor Khrushchev wanted World War III. Kennedy agreed not to invade Cuba & to remove missiles in Turkey. The Soviets agreed to remove missiles in Cuba. The Cuban missile crisis, as it became known, brought the world to the edge of a nuclear war  both sides agreed to work out a plan to ease tension. 1963 U.S. & U.S.S.R. agreed to a treaty banning the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere. The missile crisis led to the demise of Nikita Khrushchev, & the new Soviet leadership was less interested in reaching agreements with the West  result was a huge Soviet arms buildup Cuban Missile Crisis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvxuZMhmdxQ (4:35 mins review –JFK speech)   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ig8UdfQKXSY (14 mins documentary) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eVf-nCUfeos (15 mins part II) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN1uVotf5vI (15 mins part III)