GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS CHAPTER 4

Hydrogen Peroxide Apomorphine Xylazine EMETICS Hydrogen Peroxide Apomorphine Xylazine

Remember that rabbits, rodents, ruminants and horses can’t vomit! Drugs that produce vomiting with the intent of removing an ingested toxin before it can be absorbed. Indicated when vomiting is necessary and safe to induce. Must be given within 4 hours of ingestion to be effective. Do not use if animal is comatose, seizing, has depressed pharyngeal reflexes, in shock, dyspneic, or has bloat/torsion. Do not use if substance ingested was caustic or could become lodged in the esophagus. Remember that rabbits, rodents, ruminants and horses can’t vomit! If you are unsure about inducing emesis, call the ASPCA Animal Poison Control at 888-426-4435, 24/7. You may be charged a $65 consult fee

Centrally Acting Emetics Act on the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone and/or the Emetic Center

Apomorphine Stimulates CRTZ Morphine derivative, Class II controlled substance. Emetic of choice in dogs Poorly absorbed orally, so ROA is IV, IM, or in tablet form in conjunctival sac Vomiting occurs within 10 minutes of injection, within 20 minutes of conjunctival application. Remember to flush eye after vomiting is achieved. Reversible with Naloxone https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGLIJBYgiqU

Xylazine (aka Rompun, Anased) Sedative (non-controlled) and anesthetic that stimulates the CRTZ and Emetic center. Very effective as an emetic in cats IM injection that produces vomiting within 5 minutes Emetic dose is lower than sedative dose Reversible with Yohimbine

Locally Acting Emetic Causes irritation of the GI mucosa

Hydrogen peroxide Used as an emetic in dogs, cats, pigs, ferrets 3% solution that can cause vomiting within 10 minutes when given orally. Can result in gastritis, aspiration Should use fresh bottle as it loses fizz after a few months 1 tsp per 5 pounds. No more than 45 mL. May be repeated once after 15 minutes.

Diphenhydramine, Dimenhydrinate Ondansetron, Dolasetron ANTIEMETICS Chlorpromazine Metoclopramide Diphenhydramine, Dimenhydrinate Ondansetron, Dolasetron Maropitant citrate -Prevent or control vomiting -Usually do not treat the underlying cause of vomiting. -Given parenterally

Phenothiazine derivative- Chlorpromazine Blocks receptors in the CRTZ that may also directly inhibit the Emetic center. Tranquilizer, but antiemetic dose should not cause pronounced sedation. Lowers the seizure threshold??