NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY HISTORY OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi iisbf.nisantasi.edu.tr NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ ©

HISTORY OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY Sir Francis Galton He was not entirely a psychologist, but rather a geneticist or anthropologist. Galton's efforts have significantly influenced psychology's direction. Galton's true passion was studying the variations in human ability. In particularly, he believed that success was due to superior qualities passed down to offspring through heredity. His book: Hereditary Genius (1869) The first studies of Galton that psychologists are interested in: adaptation, comparison of heredity and environment, comparison of species, child development, questionnaire method, statistical techniques, individual differences and mental tests.

HISTORY OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY The Birth of Psychology The father of psychology Wilhelm Wundt - Principles of Physiological Psychology 1879 - First laboratory of psychology (Institute for Experimental Psychology) by Wundt at the University of Leipzig in Germany

HISTORY Meanwhile; 1890 - William James in USA (philosopher and psychologist) founded Harvard's psychology department He published a highly influential, two-volume synthesis and summary of psychology, Principles of Psychology.

HISTORY In the same period; Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalytic theory, has developed psychoanalysis with his colleague Josef Breuer The first formal psychotherapy approach Freud, Carl Jung and Alfred Adler, have continued to make significant contributions to the development of psychology.

HISTORY Stanley Hall (Wundt’s student) The father of adolescent psychology 1887 - Founded the first Psychological Journal in America, (the American Journal of Psychology ) Clark University’s 20th anniversary(1909) 1892 - He founded American Psychological Association and became its the first president

HISTORY Ligthner Witmer The concept of clinical psychology was first used Witmer described clinical psychology 1896 - Established first psychological clinic 1907 - Established the first clinical psychology journal – The Psychological Clinic Established first training program in clinical psychology

HISTORY 1914 - 1918 - The influence of World War I With the involvement of America in World War I, there was a great need for tests that would determine whether soldiers have the mental skills and abilities. 1920 two tests - Army Alpha and Army Beta were developed

Between World War I and World War II 1918 - 1940 – over 500 psychological tests had been produced Nonverbal intelligence tests, personality and psychological tests, career interest and vocational skill tests. Stanford-Binet – 1916 Rorschach Inkblot Test - 1921 The Word Association Test Thematic Apperception Test (T.A.T) - 1938 Wechsler-Bellevue Test - 1939 MMPI - 1943

HISTORY 1939 - 1945 - The influence of World War II Before World War II it was observed that psychotherapies were made mostly by psychiatrists However, the return of many soldiers to psychological problems associated with trauma caused the insufficiency of existing psychiatric services, so clinical psychologists began to provide psychotherapy in the field.

HISTORY - The Boulder Conference The Boulder Conference is the name given the first national training conference on clinical psychology held during 1949 in Boulder, Colorado. After World War II it was forced upon academic psychology to make psychology more professional. The USPHS (United States Public Health Service) and the Veteran’s Administration (VA) were tasked with developing and employing more mental health practitioners. This led to the funding and the support the Boulder Conference needed. The main purpose of this conference was to discuss graduate training in Clinical Psychology. There have been other conferences which have discussed the training of Clinical psychologists since then but the Boulder Conference is still seen as the most important to date.

Clinical psychology has changed, and it will certainly change even more. Clinical psychologists are still involved in assessment and treatment. They still have research contributions to make, and they are still concerned with their professional development. The goal that binds clinical psychologists together remains the same: to apply their knowledge and skill to the mental health needs of people everywhere.

REFERENCES Clinical Psychology, Timothy J. Trull - Mitchell J REFERENCES Clinical Psychology, Timothy J. Trull - Mitchell J. Prinstein, Wadsworth Publishing, (2012). Introduction To Clinical Psychology / Seventh Edition by Geoffrey P. Kramer, Douglas A. Bernstein, Vicky Phares Clinical Psychology: A Modern Health Profession / 1st Edition by Wolfgang Linden , Paul Hewitt - Nobel NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ ©