Analyzing data Statistical methods

Marco polo’s perspective In 1271, 17 year old Marco Polo joined his father on a voyage to the East They returned 24 years later with a vast fortune In Sumatra, Marco discovered unicorns!

Marco Polo’s Perspective “Unicorns are scarcely smaller than elephants. They have the hair of a buffalo and feel like an elephant’s. They have a large, black horn in the middle of the forehead……. When they want to do any harm to anyone they first crush him by kneeling upon him and then lacerate him with their tongues. They have a head like a wild boar’s and always carry it stooped towards the ground. They spend their time of preference wallowing in mud and slime. They are very ugly brutes to look at. They are not at all such as we describe them.”

Marco Polo’s Perspective Marco polo was 100% correct with his description of unicorns but Totally wrong in identifying the right animal Marco Polo’s Perspective

we have too much data but not enough knowledge! We need to create knowledge to improve processes

Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive Graphs

Descriptive Graphs

Descriptive Graphs – Box and whisker plot

Inferential Graphs - Scatterplot

Inferential Graphs – RUN Chart

Common Cause Variation vs. special cause variation

Inferential Graphs – Control Chart

Identify special cause variation The point of making control charts is to look at variation, seeking special causes and tracking common causes. Special causes can be spotted using several tests: 1 data point falling outside the control limits 6 or more points in a row steadily increasing or decreasing 8 or more points in a row on one side of the centerline 14 or more points alternating up and down

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