absolutely essential first level next steps Implementing additional dynamic boundary conditions absolutely essential first level statistical validation of dyn. BC Driving dynamics  Road incline Shifting behaviour with available, common sources WLTP-Database, HB-EFA, RC-Generator, PEMS-Measurements (JRC, ACEA, AECC, TUG, TÜV, …) Validation of additional, kinematical parameters Average speed range, per road category (U/R/M) Idling time Derivation of statistical proved limits for moderate/extended parameters Further development of tools during monitoring phase+step1 second level

Road Incline Classification known routes Route classification with applied ACEA Proposal Pass Fail moderate extended invalid ROM (JRC-Pool) x   MIL (JRC-Pool) SCM (JRC-Pool) ROUTE1 (JRC-Pool) ROUTE2 (JRC-Pool) ARONA (JRC-Pool) STG NSU WOB SR DD FORD (UK) VOLVO (ACEA) VOLVO (demanding)

Road Incline 3 extreme scenarios: Driving up and down one hill Statistical Percentile 95%-ile of road incline < [X.X]% Continuous driving up and down hills cumulated positive altitude gain < [xxxx m/100km] Single uphil / downhill trip / start and finish at same altitude every car returns to it´s home-base

Analysis of Road Incline Ensure routes with normal road incline Database used: Official Map-Data of Europe+ Statistical Date EU Server Proposal: Post check after trip or Apriori check during trip planing, with public avaliable Data road incline range [%] driven distance ACEA proposal: moderate extended (road incline)95%ile 2% 3,8% cumulated positive altitude gain 650/100km 1000m/100km Round trip start & finish at same altitude The Percentile based proposal allows 5% of a PEMS-Trip without any restriction (steep road incline with e.g. 10% is allowed)

Analysis of Shifting Behaviour Ensure normal shifting behaviour Avoid misuse Database used: Round Robin Trip + additional PEMS-Trips (>>100) Proposal: Detect frequentile shifting misuse with a pass/fail criteria GSI following rate greater or equal than 90%, and optional 95%ile of relative engine speed smaller or equal than 0.6 engine speed [1/min] time [s] Leistung [kW] vehicle speed [km/h] ACEA proposal: GSI 90% of time following GSI n rel 95%ile nrel <= 0.6 time [s]

Shifting Behaviour at PEMS-Trips 95%-Percentile of „n_rel“ Definition n_rel: (n_act – n_idling) n_rel = ---------------------------------------- (n_act: actual rpm) (n_rated – n_idling) That means: at idling: n_rel = 0 at rated Power: n_rel = 1

Idling Time/Stationary Share KOM Draft min. 10%, no maximum limit To ensure more valid trips, stationary share minimum limit should be lower -> e.g. 3…5% To avoid unnormal stopping an additional maximum share should be implemented, e.g. 15…20% and a maximum single stopping time should not exceed 90 sec

Average Speed min Max City 15 30 Rural - motorway 90 KOM Draft min Max City 15 30 Rural - motorway 90 110 (min. 5 Minutes >110 To ensure more valid trips, average city speed should be higher, e.g. 20 - 40 km/h

Summary essential pass/fail BC Driving Dynamic Road Incline Shifting Behaviour Idling/Stationary Share Average Speed

BACKUP

cummulated altitude of several trips

evaluation process: over Input: MAP/GPS data - MAP geodata - time, velocity, altitude (GPS) preparing data - converting in 1Hz-resolution - calculating distance evaluation with „Incline-tool“ (see explanation on next slide) output of results - incline course - incline distribution - cumulative altitude - …

„Incline tool“ prepared data in 1 Hz resampling data - time - velocity - altitude - distance resampling data timebased data (resolution 1s) ↘ distancebased data (resolution 1m) smoothing & normalization of altitude 1) Automatic filtering of outliers and bugs 2) distancebased differentiation by moving average over 200 values 3) distancebased integration calculating road incline 1) distancebased differentiation over moving average with 200 values 2) distribution of incline 3) …