Social Studies Totalitarianism

Questions: Why were the 1920s called the Roaring Twenties? What event sparked the Great Depression? What was the Dust Bowl? Where did it take place? What is totalitarianism? Where did totalitarianism exist in the 1930s?

Great Depression in the World Other countries experience depression in 1930s Affected most of Western world (N. America and Europe) Largely countries that did much business with U.S. How would they react? Many created totalitarian governments

Government Changes Great Depression caused havoc in world Many countries underwent massive changes In US, Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected Implement New Deal Much of world turned to totalitarianism

What is Totalitarianism? System of political beliefs Citizens should be totally subject to absolute state authority What this means? State has all of the power You must obey

Where Totalitarianism was found Germany- Nazis under Hitler Soviet Union- Communists under Stalin Italy- Fascists under Mussolini Spain- under Franco Portugal- under Salazar Japan- under military dictatorship under Hirohito

Commonalities Pro-government propaganda Secret police Suppression of rights Suppression of those who disagree Extreme nationalism Racism We’re better than other people Aryan race

What it is? System of political beliefs Citizens should be totally subject to absolute state authority What this means? State has all of the power Few rights for people You must obey

Characteristics One party in charge People have no say in government No elections or sham elections Most often single person w/ all power Use propaganda and terror to keep power

Reasons they arise Countries looking for change Weakness of country Unstable government in which control is easily grabbed People unhappy with current government Great Depression caused this in many nations

Where Totalitarianism was found Germany- Nazis under Hitler Soviet Union- Communists under Stalin Italy- Fascists under Mussolini Spain- under Franco Portugal- under Salazar Japan- under military dictatorship

Fascism Primarily found in Italy Nation over individual Everything for the state sacrifice Benito Mussolini wants to expand Italian power Militaristic Recreate Roman Empire

Stalinism Takes over communist Russia When Lenin dies Greatly desires to modernize country 5 Year Plans Collectivization of agriculture Build heavy industry (steel, power, etc.)

Stalinism (cont’d) Very harsh People matter little Russia had plenty Millions who oppose die Gulags Prison camps (most died) Quickly brings modern world to Russia At people’s expense

Trouble in Germany People very upset with Treaty of Versailles Blame weak Weimar Republic (German government) Radicals become more popular Nazis one of radical parties Led by Adolf Hitler

Nazism Hitler says: Gives scapegoat for WWI and all problems We will become strong again Ignore treaty Not take blame for WWI Get country back on feet Gives scapegoat for WWI and all problems Jewish people

Effects of Nazism Come to power in 1933 Immediately begins to change country Rights suppressed Military built up Jews harassed Censorship Militarism: will lead to WWII

Commonalities Pro-government propaganda Secret police Suppression of rights Suppression (or removal) of those who disagree Extreme nationalism Racism We’re better than other people Aryan race

Check For Understanding: Get a half sheet of paper and answer the following questions What do totalitarian regimes have in common? Why do totalitarian regimes arise? You must write at least a sentence answer for each. On back, create a Venn Diagram comparing how the countries discussed today reacted to the Great Depression with how the US reacted.