The Moderns 1914–1939 Interactive Time Line Milestone: World War I Feature Menu Interactive Time Line Milestone: World War I Milestone: The Jazz Age Milestone: Rise of Modernism Milestone: Harlem Renaissance Milestone: Women Vote Milestone: The Great Depression What Have You Learned?

The Moderns Choose a link on the time line to go to a milestone. 1920 Rise of Modernism 1914–1918 World War I 1920–1930 Harlem Renaissance 1910 1920 1930 1940 1929–c. 1939 Great Depression DISCUSSION QUESTIONS: What do you know about World War I? [World War I was a deadly war that involved trench warfare.] What do you know about he Harlem Renaissance? [The Harlem Renaissance was a time of great creativity for African American artists—writers, poets, musicians—living in Harlem, New York.] What do you know about the Great Depression? [The Great Depression happened after the stock market crashed. Many people lost their jobs and homes. People suffered great hardships.] 1919–1929 Jazz Age 1920 Women Vote

World War I The Great War Begins in Europe in 1914; United States enters in 1917 Nearly 50 million die as a result of war Ends with Treaty of Versailles in 1919 Devastation changes U.S. view of itself and world BACKGROUND INFORMATION: The war was fought between two groups: the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey) and the Allies (France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States). The Russians withdrew from the war in 1918 after the Bolshevik revolution. More than 500,000 soldiers died in 10 months in a battle near the town of Verdun in France.

World War I Trench Warfare Armies fought from trenches, or deep ditches Cold, wet, and dirty conditions Disease spread rapidly No-man’s-land—area between trenches— strewn with barb wire and land mines BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Trenches might be simple holes or complex networks with rooms for sleeping and eating. Trenches along the Western Front stretched for more than 400 miles, from the North Sea to the border of Switzerland. Battles began with massive artillery barrages. Then, soldiers went “over the top” of the trenches and charged across no-man’s-land toward the enemy’s trenches. As they ran, thousands were cut down by a hail of machine-gun fire.

World War I New Weapons Poison gas Airplanes Machine guns Submarines Tanks BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Machine guns could fire 400 to 600 rounds of ammunition per minute. Huge guns launched artillery shells—some of which contained poison gas. Both sides used poison gas—chlorine gas and mustard gas. Poison gas destroyed soldier’s lungs, killing them slowly. Soldiers used gas masks to protect themselves from the poison gas. Allied and Central Powers used airplanes mainly to gather information. As the war went on, both sides installed machine guns on fighter planes and shot down enemy scouts. Later, both sides built large bombers and developed planes that could take off from ships. Germany used its U-boats, or submarines, to sink Allied ships. British and French forces developed armored tanks to support infantry attacks on trenches.