World History: Unit 3, Chapter 9, Section 2 Reforms, Revolution, and War, 1800-1900: Revolution and Change in France

Question column What happened during the Revolution of 1830? What were the results of the birth of the French republic? How did the Dreyfus affair reveal divisions within French society?

Main Idea During the 1800s opposing groups in France struggled to determine what kind of government France would have-a republic, a constitutional monarchy, or an absolute monarchy

Revolution of 1830 Louis XVIII died, his brother Charles X inherited the throne, the last of the Bourbon monarchs. Charles X suspended the legislature, angering citizens resulting in the Revolution of 1830 Citizens controlled Paris, Charles abdicated, fled to England Moderate liberals chose Louis Philippe as the new “citizen king”, but he caused the rich to get richer, and poor poorer

Revolution of 1848 Another revolution, Louis Philippe abdicates Voters elect Louis Napoleon, Napoleon’s nephew as president Era is known as the Second Republic; first republic being between the French Revolution and the reign of Napoleon All adult men had voting rights, republican government grew across Europe, fueled women’s rights movement 1852: Louis Napoleon dissolves National Assembly and is elected emperor by the people, period known as Second Empire 1870: Napoleon III is captured during the Franco-Prussian War; French people depose him and proclaim Third Republic Benefits: primary education available, trade unions legalized, working hours reduced

The Dreyfus Affair 1894: anti-Semitism, or prejudice toward Jews was revealed in the Dreyfus affair; Jewish French officer named Alfred Dreyfus was wrongfully accused of spying. Emile Zola and Theodor Herzl defended Dreyfus Herzl’s work sparked Zionism, a Jewish nationalist movement to re-create a Jewish state in its original homeland