The French Revolution The Rise of Napoleon

King Louis XVI lost his power because… Opening King Louis XVI lost his power because…

Changes in France’s Government

French Constitution of 1791 Executive Branch “Committee of Public Safety” Small group lead by Maximilien Robespierre empowered to enforce laws. Executive Branch “Committee of Public Safety” Small group lead by Maximilien Robespierre empowered to enforce laws. Legislative Branch “National Convention” elected leaders to vote for and enact laws. Legislative Branch National Assembly – elected leaders to vote for and enact laws. Executive Branch Committee of Public Safety – small group lead by Robespierre empowered to enforce laws. Executive Branch King Louis XVI – to enforce laws and command the military The Committee of Public Safety’s power grows as the Royalists and Jacobins begin a civil war. Judicial Branch Courts – to evaluate laws and judge cases

16,000 to 40,000 killed in a year and a half! Reign of Terror (1793-1794) Robespierre’s “Committee of Public Safety” kills Royalist “Enemies of the People” by guillotine. 16,000 to 40,000 killed in a year and a half!

Maximilien Robespierre Executed (July 27, 1794) Members of the National Convention declare Robespierre’s “Committee of Public Safety” hypocritical and call for execution. He is shot in the mouth and then decapitated.

Executive Branch Executive Branch “The Directory” Five unelected men given command of the military to enforce laws. Executive Branch “Committee of Public Safety” Small group lead by Maximilien Robespierre empowered to enforce laws. Executive Branch “Committee of Public Safety” Small group lead by Maximilien Robespierre empowered to enforce laws. Legislative Branch “National Convention” elected leaders to vote for and enact laws. Legislative Branch National Assembly – elected leaders to vote for and enact laws. Executive Branch Committee of Public Safety – small group lead by Robespierre empowered to enforce laws. Executive Branch King Louis XVI – to enforce laws and command the military The Committee of Public Safety replaced by the Directory Judicial Branch Courts – to evaluate laws and judge cases

Napoleon Saves the National Convention (October 1795) General Napoleon Bonaparte defends the National Convention from Royalist attack by firing cannons at the protesters. Clears the streets with a “whiff of grapeshot.”

Directory Chooses Napoleon Bonaparte to Command the Military (1796 - 1799) Napoleon’s army conquers Austria, Italy and Egypt.

Napoleon Becomes Dictator (December 24, 1799) Legislative Branch “National Convention” elected leaders to vote for and enact laws. Napoleon Branch Napoleon Bonaparte given power to enact, enforce and evaluate laws. Executive Branch “First Consul” Napoleon Bonaparte given power to enforce laws with the military. Executive Branch “The Directory” Five unelected leaders given command of the military to enforce laws. The National Convention replaces the Directory with Napoleon, giving him executive power to enforce laws Napoleon writes a constitution giving him legislative and judicial power also. Voters approve it in 1800. Judicial Branch Courts – to evaluate laws and judge cases

Napoleon Crowns Himself Emperor (December 2, 1804)

Napoleon’s Positives (1800 - 1804) Defends France from an allied invasion by Britain, Austria and Russia Restores order by stabilizing economy with efficient taxes and banking Creates public schools so that all children can learn Meritocracy vs. Aristocracy

Napoleon’s Negatives (1804 - 1814) Autocratic leadership = Low Quality Decisions The “Napoleonic Code” took away rights Tried to conquer the world (page 666) 1806 Continental System against Britain (page 668) 1808 Peninsular War in Spain (page 669) 1812 Invasion of Russia (page 669 – 670)

The Hundred Days Comeback (1815)

Why did Napoleon come to power? How did Napoleon gain power? Closing Why did Napoleon come to power? How did Napoleon gain power?