Science Skills
Scientific Method An organized plan for gathering, organizing & communicating information Used for problem solving or to explain an observation
Figure 7
Figure 7
Figure 7
Figure 7
Figure 7
Where would Claim, Evidence and Reasoning fit in this sequence? Figure 7 Where would Claim, Evidence and Reasoning fit in this sequence?
Scientific Method Vocabulary Observation – obtaining information through 5 senses (qualitative/quantitative) Hypothesis – a proposed answer to a question If …. then . . . because . . . Variable – any factor in an experiment that can be changed
Controlled Experiment An experiment in which one variable (IV) is deliberately changed, all other variables are kept constant Independent Variable (IV) – causes change in another variable (what I change) Dependent Variable (DV) – changes in response to IV (what you measure/your data) Control Group (C) – does not get manipulated Experimental Group(s) – gets manipulated Controlled Variables (CV) – all variables kept constant in an experiment
Time to practice Hypothesis worksheet IV/DV worksheet
SI – International System of Units aka Metric system Length – straight-line distance between two points (meter – m) Mass – quantity of matter in an object (gram – g) Volume – amount of space an object occupies (l x w x h = m3 (cubic meters)) Density – ratio of mass : volume (kg/m3) Temperature – measure of thermal energy Kelvin (K)—Celsius (C)
Common SI Measuring Units Figure 13 Common SI Measuring Units
Metric Mania Lets put your skills into practice….
Data Table Put the following information into a data table. Mrs. Walston wanted to figure out which type of dog had a faster average while running the mile – A pit-bull or a golden retriever. The pit-bull had the following time – 10min, 8.5 min, and 9 min. The Golden Retriever ran 9.5 min, 8.0 min, and 9 min.
Practice Let’s make sure you have it!
Scientific Data and Analysis GRAPHING: Scientific Data and Analysis
GRAPHING: Line & Bar Graphs Have an x-axis (horizontal) and a y-axis (vertical) Each axis is a scale ranging from lowest number (data value) to highest
GRAPHING All Line and Bar Graphs Need: Title that describes graph Labeled and Numbered X and Y Axes
GRAPHING Bar Graphs Compare measurements, amounts, changes
GRAPHING: Group Bar Graph Also compares groups of data NEEDS A KEY
GRAPHING Line Graphs Show a relationship between TWO factors– excellent for showing changes, trends, patterns over time/depth. Allow you to graph more than one set of data on a single graph MOST IMPORTANT: allow you to answer “IF/THEN” questions
Figure 21: Mass vs. Volume of Water – DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL, as one value increase, the other value increases. The slope tells the relationship between the variables.
Figure 21: Distance vs. Light Intensity – INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL, as the x-value increase, the y-value decreases.
GRAPHING: Multiple Line Graph Compares different sets of data NEEDS A KEY
WHAT IS WRONG WITH THESE GRAPHS?! GRAPHING WHAT IS WRONG WITH THESE GRAPHS?!
THE X AND Y AXES ARE NOT LABELLED!!!!
What makes a great title? NO TITLE!!!!!!! What makes a great title?
Y AXIS IS NOT NUMBERED
X AXIS HAS NO VALUES!!!!
Works Cited Physical Science Concepts In Action bell.sandi.net solfire.com www.mm.ocps.net www.members.aol.com www.blankner.ocps.net www.abcteacher.com partyfranke.de www.studyzone.org www.myleague.com www.aep.com www.grandearmee.com