The Scramble for Africa

Objectives Students will… Explain how the European partitioning across Africa contributed to conflict, civil war, and artificial political boundaries Analyze motivations of European countries that determined political boundaries.

What can you infer from this image? Do Now What can you infer from this image?

GEOGRAPHY OF AFRICA Continent – not a country Africa is three times larger than Europe Northern Africa – desert Mid-to-southern Africa – diverse climates and topography

Size of Africa

Ethnic Groups of Africa

What is “Imperialism”? Creating colonies and building empires by diplomacy or military action.

White Man’s Burden 1. According to Kipling, what is the “white man’s burden?” 2. What examples of racial prejudice are found in column one? 3. What “reward” does Kipling suggest the “white man” gets for carrying this “burden”? 4. Who might support the view presented in this poem and why? 5. Who might be against the view presented in this poem and why?

KING LEOPOLD II OF BELGIUM (1835-1909) Created European race for African colonies – “Scramble for Africa” Diamonds, foodstuffs, gold, ivory, rubber

Sources King Leopold’s Public Letter Leopold’s Letter to Missionaries King Leopold’s Ghost excerpt

Leopold’s Abuse of the Congo Leopold II claimed that his reason for control was to abolish the slave trade. Leopold’s private army mutilated people who would not harvest rubber. Over 10 million people in the Congo died doing this. The Belgian government took control of the colony from Leopold II as a result.

Berlin Conference In 1884, to avoid conflict amongst themselves, European leaders met at the Berlin Conference to set up rules for colonizing Africa. No Africans were invited. Berlin Conference

Berlin Conference -The European powers agreed that before they could claim territory they would have to set up an outpost. -By 1914 only Liberia and Ethiopia remained free from European control Berlin Conference

“Social Darwinism”- Promoted the idea of the white European race being superior to others, and thus, fated to rule over others Racism

CECIL RHODES (1853-1902) Advocate of Social Darwinism and British Imperialism

4 Reasons for Imperialism Raw Materials for New Markets New markets were needed to keep up with demand. Expand Trade (political and economic power) Economic competition Power Racism “White Man’s Burden” – Spread religion, culture Social Darwinism Nationalism – National pride and greatness Colonies will help countries gain more power New countries (Italy and Germany) want to catch up with Great Britain and France.

Scramble for Africa Simulation

Check On Learning! What did the European countries agree to do at the Conference of Berlin?

Instructions Listen to the introduction Good luck

Simulation recap

IN 1878, MUCH OF AFRICA WAS NOT COLONIZED BY EUROPE …BUT BY 1885, OVER 90% OF AFRICA WOULD BE UNDER THE CONTROL OF EUROPEAN EMPIRES, PARTICULARLY THE BRITISH AND THE FRENCH IN 1878, MUCH OF AFRICA WAS NOT COLONIZED BY EUROPE

-Shaka’s successor’s were unable to hold off the British Shaka Zulu The Zulus -In the early 1800s in southern Africa, an African leader named Shaka conquered and united tribes to form the Zulu nation. -Shaka’s successor’s were unable to hold off the British Shaka Zulu Zulu Nation Cape Colony Cape Town

Southern Africa AFRICA Cape Colony The Boers In the mid-1600s, Dutch farmers known as Boers settled in southern Africa in Cape Colony. The Boers built Cape Town as a supply station. -1830’s Boer’s started moving North to escape the British Boers Cape Colony Cape Colony Cape Town

The Boer War British Boers In 1860, the discovery of gold and diamonds in the northern Boer territory set off the Anglo-Boer war. TOTAL WAR The war was from 1899-1902 and involved bitter guerrilla fighting. The British won. British Boers

http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/empires/0053.html

Exit Ticket Using at least two of the documents we read in class today, as well as your notes, write two paragraphs (with a thesis statement) describing what you think Europe’s motivations were to imperialize Africa. You MUST CITE evidence to support your ideas.