Cholic acid supplementation enhances cholesterol absorption in humans Laura A. Woollett, Donna D. Buckley, Lihang Yao, Peter J.H. Jones, Norman A. Granholm, Elizabeth A. Tolley, Patrick Tso, James E. Heubi  Gastroenterology  Volume 126, Issue 3, Pages 724-731 (March 2004) DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2003.11.058

Figure 1 Bile acid concentration in the lumen of subjects fed AHA heart-healthy diets while receiving CA or no bile acid supplement. On Day 14, subjects were given a standardized liquid meal and lumenal samples collected. Bile acid concentrations are shown for subjects consuming no bile acid supplements (A) or CA (B). Data are presented as unadjusted means ± SEM. Gastroenterology 2004 126, 724-731DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2003.11.058)

Figure 2 The distribution of cholesterol in micelles of lunemal samples of subjects after ingesting a standardized liquid meal while receiving CA or no bile acid supplements. Subjects consumed AHA heart-healthy diets plus or minus bile acid supplements for 14 days, after which time they consumed a standardized liquid meal and lumenal samples were collected. Lumenal samples were separated into micelles and nonmicellar particles at 3 different time points during collection. Data are presented as micrograms cholesterol per sample for subjects on diet alone (black) or CA plus diet (gray). Asterisk represents values significantly different from control values at same time point (P < 0.05). Data are presented as least square means ± SEM. Gastroenterology 2004 126, 724-731DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2003.11.058)

Figure 3 Cholesterol absorption is shown for each subject fed AHA heart-healthy diets while receiving CA or no bile acid supplement. On day 16, cholesterol absorption was determined with stable isotope. Samples were collected and analyzed as described in the Patients and Methods section. Data are presented as percentage cholesterol absorbed for each subject receiving CA or no supplement. Gastroenterology 2004 126, 724-731DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2003.11.058)

Figure 4 The fractional synthetic rates for each subject fed AHA heart-healthy diets while receiving CA or no bile acid supplements. On day 19, fractional synthetic rates were determined with stable isotope. Samples were collected and analyzed as described in the Patients and Methods section. Data are presented as pools of cholesterol synthesized each day for each subject receiving CA or no supplements. Gastroenterology 2004 126, 724-731DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2003.11.058)