Approaching TERRA Firma: Genomic Functions of Telomeric Noncoding RNA Caitlin M. Roake, Steven E. Artandi  Cell  Volume 170, Issue 1, Pages 8-9 (June 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.06.020 Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 TERRA Regulates Gene Expression and Telomere Stability (A) TERRA accumulates at telomeres in the form of RNA-DNA hybrid R-loops. TERRA R-loop levels are cell cycle regulated and suppressed by the recruitment of RNase H2 by telomere-binding proteins. (B) At short telomeres, RNase H2 is not recruited, and TERRA R-loops accumulate, causing replication stress and DNA damage. This can aid cells in escaping senescence by promoting homology-directed repair (HDR) and subsequent telomere elongation. (C) TERRA binds at sites outside the telomere to regulate the transcription of nearby target genes. TERRA binds proteins involved in chromatin remodeling and transcription, as well as diverse other cellular processes. The chromatin remodeler/ATPase ATRX is a major TERRA-binding partner and colocalizes to TERRA binding sites throughout the genome. Cell 2017 170, 8-9DOI: (10.1016/j.cell.2017.06.020) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions