Aim: How did the Missouri Compromise solve the issue of sectionalism throughout the United States?

Why are people moving west? Acquisition of Native Americans’ lands Economic pressures NE – embargo South – new land to replace poorly farmed soil 3. Improved Transportation Roads Canals Steamboats Railroads 4. Immigrants cheap land in the west

Here’s our map in 1820, what could be a possible issue as people move WEST?

Sectional Crisis and Expansion: Missouri Compromise 1819 - Missouri wants to enter the Union as a slave state ALARMED THE NORTH! WHY? IMBALANCE OF POWER in Congress! 1819- we had 11 free and 11 slaves states…lets keep it EQUAL and make EVERYONE happy! North and South don’t want to lose power ie., votes in Congress (states had entered in pairs slave/free especially the Senate)

But WAIT… The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 said that NO STATES northwest of the Ohio River could be a SLAVE state Missouri would NOT be northwest of the Ohio River

VIDEO THINK-PAIR-SHARE If you were there: what would you have suggested in order to avoid any sort of conflict? Discuss with the person next to you... VIDEO

Missouri = slave state Maine = free state (balance restored) Anything below the 36o30’ N latitude will be SLAVE, anything above it, FREE (Missouri is the exception)

How does Jefferson feel about the Missouri Compromise? PRIMARY QUOTE ANALYSIS How does Jefferson feel about the Missouri Compromise? “This momentous question, like a firebell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the knell of the Union. It is hushed, indeed, for the moment. But this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence…” Think about the idea of a Band-Aid…what does it do? This compromise was like putting a Band-Aid on a gaping wound…it would NOT fully heal yet...

Can you predict any future problems?

Popular Sovereignty becoming an issue… Popular sovereignty = populations within states or territories should vote or decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery. The idea of popular sovereignty in new states and territories was perhaps the most polarizing issues that led to war.

AIM: How did the Monroe and the U. S AIM: How did the Monroe and the U.S. handle foreign affairs while staying out of war? Essential Questions: Why did Latin American countries fight for independence? How do their reasons compare and contrast to those of the American Revolution? Had the European powers tested the Monroe Doctrine, do you think the US would have passed?

What is this cartoon’s message?

Now we’re focusing on foreign policy under Monroe… John Quincy Adams, the son of President John Adams, of Massachusetts, Secretary of State for Monroe Follows a Nationalist policy EXPAND American territory REDUCE European influence in the Western Hemisphere Is Monroe’s Secretary of State Believed Federal Government should support Science Technology Economic Growth Adams Says: “America has a god given destiny to Establish “Our proper domination [over] the continent of North America.”

Latin America is highlighted by the PURPLE line

BACKGROUND INFO In the early 1820’s, a lot of SPANISH colonies in the Americas had declared their independence (freedom) from SPAIN. Simon BOLIVAR, also known as the Liberator, was a South American independence leader who was inspired (motivated) by the: AMERICAN Revolution American ideas of SELF-GOVERNMENT

President Monroe gets worried After MEXICO won its independence from Spain in 1821, President Monroe got very worried! WHY? Monroe thought that ENEMY European countries might try to TAKE OVER newly independent Latin American countries Along with Britain, Monroe wanted to warn the rest of Europe NOT to mess around in Latin America!

What’s the BIG DEAL?

Secretary of State Adams and President Monroe worked together to create a document that protected American interests... The MONROE DOCTRINE (1823) was a statement that warned European powers not to INTERFERE with the Americas! VIDEO

Primary Source Analysis: The Monroe Doctrine (1823) What was Monroe’s warning to other European powers? How will the US treat existing European colonies? …the occasion has been judged proper for asserting…that the American continents…are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers... The political system of the allied powers is essentially different in this respect from that of America. We…declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colonies…we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintain it, and whose independence we have…acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them…by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States.

The Monroe Doctrine had FOUR major points: The U.S. would NOT interfere with the actions of European countries. The U.S. would recognize, and NOT interfere with, European COLONIES that already existed in North and South America. The Americas (Western Hemisphere) could NOT be taken over by ANYONE in the future. The U.S. would see any attempt by Europe to take over land in the Americas as an act of WAR. How did nations react? America = applauded but soon forgot – domestic issues too important Britain = annoyed because it applied to them too! European monarchs = ANGRY, but British naval power scared them off from conquering any lands in the west

Creative Review: Lets fill in Monroe’s speech bubble