Physical properties of the cell Metabolism Heba Al-Tamimi 

Physical properties of the cell Molecules are in constant random motions resulting from their molecular thermal energy This movement was first described by Robert Brown The phenomenon was named after him and was called the Brownian movement Diffusion :movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Diffusion Cell membrane Outside cell Inside cell

Diffusion Cell membrane diffusion Outside cell Inside cell

Diffusion Cell membrane Outside cell Inside cell EQUILIBRIUM

Brownian movement 2 beakers (cold & hot water) then observed movement Ex 7-1 2 beakers (cold & hot water) then observed movement India ink slide Note Do not dilute ink

Diffusion within semi-solid media Ex 7-3 1 hour  KMnO4 M.W potassium permanganate =158.03g/mole M.W methylene blue =373.9 g/mole  methylene blue has a higher molecular weight than the compound potassium permanganate. So ,smaller molecules diffuse faster than larger molecular weight

Diffusion within solutions Ex 7-4  it turns colorless in acidic solutions and pink in basic solutions bag =phenolphthalein Beaker =NaoH bag =starch Beaker =iodine Based on your results, which if the following substances were able to cross the dialysis membrane? Phenolphthalein, sodium hydroxide, starch ,iodine

Osmosis The diffusion of water molecules from an area of high concentration of water molecules to an area of low concentration of water across a partially permeable membrane.

Osmosis CONCENTRATED SOLUTION DILUTE SOLUTION Cell membrane partially permeable. Sugar molecule VERY Low conc. of water molecules. High water potential. VERY High conc. of water molecules. High water potential. Outside cell Inside cell

Osmosis Cell membrane partially permeable. Low conc. of water molecules. High water potential. OSMOSIS High conc. of water molecules. High water potential. Outside cell Inside cell

Osmosis Cell membrane partially permeable. OSMOSIS Outside cell Inside cell EQUILIBRIUM. Equal water concentration on each side. Equal water potential has been reached. There is no net movement of water

Tonicity is a relative term Hypotonic Solution - One solution has a lower concentration of solute than another. Hypertonic Solution - one solution has a higher concentration of solute than another. Isotonic Solution - both solutions have same concentrations of solute.

Plant and Animal Cells put into various solutions

Osmosis in plant cells Ex 7-5 5%NaCl 0%NaCl 3%NaCl

3%NaCl 5%NaCl 0%NaCl Wash

Osmotic pressure Ex 7-5 0 % sucrose 30 % sucrose 60 % sucrose

Metabolism

Metabolism Anabolism Catabolism & Alcoholic fermentation

Respiration : Alcoholic fermentation Ex 8-1 Add 5 ml of glucose then fill up tube with yeast Add 5 ml of sucrose then fill up tube with yeast Add 5 ml of maltose then fill up tube with yeast Add 5 ml of distilled water then fill up tube with yeast Incubate tube for 15 min under light source Measures the highest of the accumulating gas in each test tube, explain your result

Demonstration of photosynthesis Ex 8-5 Demonstration of photosynthesis 5 cm Count and record the number of oxygen bubbles rising from the cut end of the stem for five minutes Record and average your result

Effect of light intensity on photosynthesis Ex 8-6 20 cm Count and record the number of oxygen bubbles for five minutes Record and average your result

Effect of carbon dioxide on photosynthesis Ex 8-7 & Record bubbles for five minutes Again , Record and average your result

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