Incline Lab General Info Use a “hybrid” typed form for your report. Anything you CAN type, type….text/writing, headings, tables, data, graphs… Equations and math are difficult to type. You may leave a space on your printed document and include math equations written by hand in that space. In general, you should be writing, not outlining information. It’s not a bad idea to answer each point on the format with a shorthand outline, but don’t stop there.

Aims Theses looked pretty good for content, but need to be written, not just listed.

Methods and Tools You may use a list of materials, but don’t put explanations with the list of items. Explaining their use is for the procedure section. Your goal is to describe what you did in enough detail that someone could duplicate your results. Those who varied angles rather than vertical height of books: Be clear how you executed your angles. How do you know the ramp was at 10 degrees? Was it 10 or 10.0 or 10.00? How much uncertainty do you have in your angles? Or were your angles only a label for the IV condition and not actually measured? If you used books, how did you use them?

Data Most measured…. Y = vertical height of ramp at high end (height of books)- IV varied 3-5 cases Uncertainty +/- 0.5 cm was typical X = length of track (from start point to photogate) – held constant V = velocity at bottom (from photogate reading) – DV (3 – 5 trials) Averaged Uncertainty measured with a standard deviation of trials

Calculations 1D Kinematics Equation: v2 = u2 + 2 a x X = length of track U = set to 0 m/s by releasing from rest. V = velocity at bottom (average) T is missing variable A = ?? Equation: v2 = u2 + 2 a x v2 = 2 a x Solve for a = v2 / 2x  a calculated in measured quantities (Eqn 1)

Calculations Calculating g a = g sinθ Sinθ for those that measured book height is given by y/c (easy approach) For those that measured “angle”, you will need to use your angle label here and use minimum and maximum angle values to find the uncertainty in sinθ. a = g sinθ  a = g (y/c)  g = ac/y g in terms of exp values (Eqn 2)

Error propagation Propagate the uncertainties in measurements through Eqn 1: To find the uncertainty in the acceleration of the cart, ∆a Then propagate the uncertainties in measurements and , ∆a from above through Eqn 2: To find the uncertainty in the acceleration of gravity, ∆g ∆𝑎 𝑎 =2 ∆𝑣 𝑣 + ∆𝑥 𝑥 ∆𝑔 𝑔 = ∆𝑎 𝑎 + ∆𝑐 𝑐 + ∆𝑦 𝑦