RETHINKING THE STATE IN GLOBALIZED CAPITALISM                                

Sustainable Development - what do we mean? (…)it can be argued that sustainable development has become diverted from its central purposes and instead been appropriated to describe and justify approaches which are far more concerned with the demands of the present than the needs of the future.(Blowers et all, 2012)

the relationship between state and the market The regulatory state capacity has been progressively weakened in the face of changes to the form and structure of the market Not only the sensitive matter of the relationship between the State and Market but the identification of the change in position of regulatory role between both

The recent redefinition of the state's role in regulatory processes and displacement of the states authority for the control of the global flows of production and consumption carried out by private agents has generated Transnational Private Governance - TPG (Cashore, 2002: Bernstein and Cashore, 2004; Bartley, 2007).

Through material stimuli and short-term demand-response, NSMD governance programs gain legitimacy from outside audiences that are guided by a complex interaction of motivations. Short-term motivations intersect with moral and cognitive elements, which together determine themselves as different governance systems and gain the authority to establish rules. (Cashore, 2002;2004)

These networks become complex since for their constitution they must involve a myriad of actors. On the other hand, the existence of governmental actors is embedded in the dynamics that guarantee their efficiency in obtaining domestic and international legitimacy for the decisions made within the Multi Stakeholders Initiatives (Cashore, 2002: Bernstein and Cashore, 2004).

In globalized context, the loss of authority on the part of the state is a new relationship between stat and market. There is the insertion of state agents in networks of diverse performance categories and thus, the state uses its governmental capacity to mediate the establishment of international rules in domestic contexts.

Through environmental self-regulation, companies would be presenting "a panacea for solving environmental problems".(Castellani, 2016) At domestic levels the certification promotes regulatory changes and produces harmful effects.( Khöne, 2014; Hospes, 2014). Certification can be seen as a door open to greenwash practices

The ‘‘greening’’ of big business may be genuine if limited but it is a sideshow, more image than substance.(Blowers et all 2012) Most corporations do not greenwash their reputations by lying outright. Rather, they bend the truth or misrepresent their ecological stances. The deception often lies in the emphasis corporations place on their ecological projects, rather than in the existence of the projects themselves.(Vos 2014)

However, the rationale underpinning the greenwashing movement is the realization that a corporation does not need to actually create social good in order to reap the benefits of a green reputation. If companies‘ actions matched up with all of their rhetoric, greenwashing would not be an issue. However, if a company can reap the benefits of a green reputation without actually spending the time or money to substantially change its practices, it reaps all of the benefits without any of the associated costs.(Vos 2014)

The Global Value Chains as the new arrangements of market Market depends on consumers Consumers can play another role... not as consumers but as citizens The importance of social movements

the citizenship and social movements as keys to transformation Not back to the State but beyond New bodies of representation based on new manners of communication

In the debate on transformations in democracy, social movements appear to play a potentially crucial role. Recognizing the democratic potential of mistrust means, in fact, to push forward the reflections on the democratic role played by non-institutional actors in the political system. (Della Porta, 2011)

. Recent research on political participation noted that while some more conventional forms of participation (such as voting or party-linked activities) are declining, protest forms are instead increasingly used.(Della Porta, 2011)

Citizens vote less, but are not less interested and knowledgable about politics. And if some traditional types of associations are less and less popular, others (social movement organizations among them) are instead growing in resources, legitimacy and members.(Della Porta,2011)

How to think another democratic architecture? Polycentric Governance and Social Movements as the tools of the transformation could be a beginning

Thank You!