Chapter 2 Cells and cell systems

Section 2.1 – Cells and Cell Systems Tissue – a group of cells with similar shape and function (job) Organ – made of different tissues that have a related function (job) Organ system – groups of organs that have related functions

Section 2.1 – Cells and Cell Systems There are 4 levels of organization:

Section 2.1 – Cells and Cell Systems There are 4 different types of tissues Muscle tissue

Section 2.1 – Cells and Cell Systems 2. Nerve tissue – transfers signals throughout the body so that organisms can respond to changes in the environment

Section 2.1 – Cells and Cell Systems 3. Connective tissue – holds together and supports other tissues. It can also connect, protect, and insulate organs

Section 2.1 – Cells and Cell Systems 4. Epithelial tissue – covers the surface of organs and the body. Also forms the lining inside our body.

Section 3.1 – The respiratory system The respiratory system brings oxygen into our body when we inhale, for our cells to use It removes carbon dioxide from our body when we exhale

Section 3.1 – The respiratory system As we inhale through our nose, tiny hairs called cilia, and mucus warms the air. Cilia and mucus both trap dirt and other unwanted particles

Section 3.1 – The respiratory system The air continues past our epiglottis and down our trachea At the bronchi, the path splits to our left and right lungs

Section 3.1 – The respiratory system Inside each of our lungs are the bronchioles At the end, past the bronchiole is the alveoli.

Section 3.1 – The respiratory system Alveoli are tiny, thin-walled, sac- like structures surrounded by many blood vessels called capillaries

Section 3.1 – The respiratory system At the alveoli, gas exchange takes place Oxygen will diffuse from the alveolus into the capillaries (blood vessels) Carbon dioxide will diffuse from the capillaries into the alveolus

Section 3.1 – The respiratory system When we exhale, the carbon dioxide is removed from our body

Section 3.2 – The circulatory system The circulatory system circulates blood to all parts of your body. Blood is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients and also to remove carbon dioxide and waste

Section 3.2 – The circulatory system There are 4 types of blood vessels Arteries – these carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart Arteries are thick and strong. It can withstand the pressure created by your beating heart

Section 3.2 – The circulatory system Capillaries – are thin and tiny and form a network near tissues. Oxygen and nutrients diffuse through the capillaries into nearby tissues Carbon dioxide and wastes diffuse from the tissues into the capillaries and are taken away

Section 3.2 – The circulatory system Venules and veins – carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Deoxygentated blood contains very little oxygen, but very high levels of carbon dioxide Oxygen makes blood red, Carbon dioxide makes blood blue

Section 3.2 – The circulatory system

The Circulatory system and Respiratory system work together to allow gas exchange in our cells