تهیه کننده بهارا رستمی نیا بهار 94

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Presentation transcript:

تهیه کننده بهارا رستمی نیا بهار 94 نشانگرهای مولکولی تهیه کننده بهارا رستمی نیا بهار 94

عناوین 1)نشانگر RFLP 2) نشانگرVNTR 3) نشانگرRAPD 4) نشانگرAFLP 5) نشانگرSSR 6) نشانگر ISSR 7) نشانگرSNP

RFLP (Restriction fragment length polymorphism)

معایب مزایا RFLP نیاز به مقدار زیادی از DNA ژنومی فراوانی بالا وقت گیر ودشوار نیازمند به کاوشگرو پر هزینه معایب فراوانی بالا همبارزی تکرارپذیری بالا مزایا

RFLP کاربردها تهیه نقشه ژنتیکی تهیه انگشت نگاری و تعیین فاصله ژنی تعیین بیماریها تعیین رابطه بین گونه ها

VNTR (Variable number of tandem repeats) Mini satellites

مقایسه VNTR و RFLP تعداد باندها در VNTR درمقایسه با RFLP بیشتر است

RAPD (Random amplified polymorphic DNA)

مزایا معایب RAPD عدم نیاز به امکانات زیادو مقدار زیاد DNA عدم نیاز به اطلاعات قبلی دارا بودن پرایمرهای جهانی مزایا غالبیت حساسیت به تغییرات محیطی عدم تکرار پذیری معایب

RAPD کاربردها تعیین خصوصیات کیفی تعیین تنوع ژنتیکی نقشه ژنتیکی اصلاح گیاهان بررسی ژنتیک جمعیت

AFLP (Amplified fragment length polymorphism)

عدم نیاز به اطلاعات قبلی AFLP معایب غالبیت همولوژی عدم اطلاع از جایگاه ژنی مزایا سریع و دقیق فراوانی بالا عدم نیاز به اطلاعات قبلی

AFLP کاربردها در انگشت نگاری جایگزین RFLP بررسی خصوصیات کشاورزی آنالیز شجره تشخیص هیبریدها

÷

SSR )Simple sequence repeat)

امکان شناسایی نادرست روی ژل SSR پر هزینه امکان شناسایی نادرست روی ژل تنوع زیاد پیچیده معایب سادگی تفسیر و تخمین نیاز به مقدار کم ازDNA فراوانی بالا در ژنوم همبارز مزایا

SSR کاربردها مطالعه تنوع ژنتیکی تعیین نقشه ژنومی مطالعات تکاملی جمعیت تعیین والد و ژنوتیپ افراد

ISSR (Inter-simple sequence repeat)

SNP )Single nucleotide polymorphism)

مزایا معایب SNP ساده و سریع فراوان و در دسترس کارایی بالا آسان و غیر مبهم مزایا خطای بالا عدم ردیف یابی صحیح پر هزینه و زمان بر معایب

SNP کاربردها بررسی ژنتیک جمعیت تهیه نقشه ژنتیکی تشخیص بین گونه ها تعیین ارتباط ژنوتیپ با فنوتیپ

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