Genetics Chapter 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, and 11.2

Do Now- True for False if false, correct the statement. 1. Certain acquired characteristics, such as mechanical or mathematical skill may be inherited. 2. Certain thoughts or experiences of a mother mark or alter the hereditary makeup of an unborn child. 3. Color blindness is more common in males than in females. 4. A person may transmit characteristics to offspring which he/she does not show. 5. Certain inherited traits may be altered by the stars, planets or moon early in development. 6. The total number of male births exceeds female births each year.

1866 _______ ________ “_______ ___ _______” Austrian Monk that studied pea plants Pure breeds Self Fertilization Statistician who wanted to be a teacher Discovered ___________________ in a population

How Genetics Began The passing of traits to the next generation - __________ or ________. Mendel performed ____________ in pea plants. Mendel followed various traits in the pea plants he bred.

7 Traits Mendel Studied

Mendel studied seven different traits. Seed or pea color Flower color Seed pod color Seed shape or texture Seed pod shape Stem length Flower position

Mendel’s Crosses ___________:

Generations ______________ Parents Pure – Hybrid – 2 different types of genes for a trait 3:1–Yellow : Green

Definitions Genetics: Gene: Allele: Study of ______________ Strand of DNA that codes for a _______ (Trait) Allele: A ________ of a _______

Phenotype vs. Genotype _____________: _________ characteristics (What the individual looks like) Ex) Red Petals Alleles Received (____________) Ex) RR

Homozygous and Heterozygous ____________: Having two of the ____ alleles for a particular trait Ex. Having two _________ alleles for a particular trait

Dominant Vs. Recessive Dominant hides the recessive trait in the heterozygous genotype.

Think – Pair - Share If Fred Flintstone is heterozygous for black hair. (B=Black, b=blonde) What is Fred’s genotype? What is Fred’s phenotype? Tweety bird is yy. (Y= yellow feathers, y=brown feathers) 1. What is his genotype? 2. What is his phenotype? 3. Is he heterozygous or homozygous? Explain.

w W W w Mendels 3 Laws 1. Law of Segregation Each ______ a person has separates into _________________ Ex. Ww – one W goes in one sperm and the other w goes into another sperm w W w W Sperm

Mendels 3 Laws 2. Law of Independent Assortment Gene pairs (__________) will separate randomly into gametes

Mendels 3 Laws 3. Law of Dominance Traits exist in two possible forms (___________ and ______________) The dominant forms hides the recessive trait in the ________________ condition

Monohybrid Cross R= Can roll your tongue r= Can’t roll your tongue Genotype Ratio: Phenotype Ratio: R r

Genotypic vs. Phenotypic Ratios Phenotype Ratio: Ratio of different physical traits Ex) Brown eyes ¼ or 25% Genotype Ratio: Ratio of the different possible alleles Ex) Tt = ¼ or 25%

Sample Problems Daffy Duck is heterozygous for black feathers. Daisy Duck is homozygous for yellow feathers. Set up a punnett square and determine probabilities of their potential offspring. (Both genotype and phenotype ratios!) B = Black b = yellow

Do Now Sponge Bob Square pants is heterozygous for brown eyes. Sandy is also heterozygous for brown eyes. Create a punnett square to determine the possible outcomes of their children.

Do Now Sleeping Beauty has freckles. Her prince charming is heterozygous for no freckles. What are the chances of her children having freckles? Please show your work.