The Final Frontier in the Cold War

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Presentation transcript:

The Final Frontier in the Cold War Space Race! The Final Frontier in the Cold War

Origins The story begins in 1952, when the International Council of Scientific Unions decided to establish July 1, 1957, to December 31, 1958, as the International Geophysical Year (IGY) because the scientists knew that the cycles of solar activity would be at a high point then. In October 1954, the council adopted a resolution calling for artificial satellites to be launched during the IGY to map the Earth's surface.

US Plans In July 1955, the White House announced plans to launch an Earth-orbiting satellite for the IGY and solicited proposals from various Government research agencies to undertake development. In September 1955, the Naval Research Laboratory's Vanguard proposal was chosen to represent the U.S. during the IGY.

The Soviets beat the US to Space History changed on October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The world's first artificial satellite was about the size of a beach ball (58 cm.or 22.8 inches in diameter), weighed only 83.6 kg. or 183.9 pounds, and took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path. That launch ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments. While the Sputnik launch was a single event, it marked the start of the space age and the U.S.-U.S.S.R space race.

The race is on! Explorer-I, officially known as Satellite 1958 Alpha, was the first United States earth satellite and was sent aloft as part of the United States program for the International Geophysical Year 1957-1958. It was designed and built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) of the California Institute of Technology under the direction of Dr. William H. Pickering. The satellite instrumentation of Explorer-I was designed and built by Dr. James Van Allen of the State University of Iowa.

Kennedy’s Vision We have a long way to go in the space race. We started late. But this is the new ocean, and I believe the United States must sail on it and be in a position second to none – John F. Kennedy, 1962

Notable Firsts 1957- Sputnik- 1st artificial satellite 1958- Explorer 1- 1st US satellite 1958- Soviets lauch Laika, a dog into space April, 1961- Yuri Gagarin first human in space May, 1961- Alan Shepard first American in space 1962- John Glenn 1st American to orbit Earth 1969- Neil Armstrong- first person to step foot on the moon

US Space Programs Mercury- 1959-1963

Gemini- 1965-1966

Apollo- 1967-1975