Scientific and Technical Department “One World One Health”TM and the Implications for Biosafety and Laboratory Biosecurity Joint WHO/OIE/FAO Biosafety and Laboratory Biosecurity Meeting OIE Headquarters, Paris 30 June, 2009 Kate Glynn DVM, MPVM Scientific and Technical Department

“One World, One Health”TM 2004 : Manhattan Principles of the Wildlife Conservation Society It is clear that no one discipline or sector of society has enough knowledge and resources to prevent the emergence or resurgence of diseases in today's globalized world… Only by breaking down the barriers among agencies, individuals, specialties and sectors can we unleash the innovation and expertise needed to meet the many serious challenges to the health of people, domestic animals, and wildlife and to the integrity of ecosystems…We are in an era of "One World, One Health" (OWOH) and we must devise adaptive, forward-looking and multidisciplinary solutions to the challenges that undoubtedly lie ahead. TM Wildlife Conservation Society www.wcs.org

Human-Animal-Ecosystem Domain Interface Treadwell, 2008. In: Achieving Sustainable Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin: Institute of Medicine Workshop Summary. National Academies Press

Animal-Human-Pathogen-Ecosystem Interfaces

Number of EID Events per Decade by Transmission Type EID events = classified by the temporal origin of the original case or cluster of cases that represents a disease emerging in the human population Jones K et al. Nature, Vol 451| 21 February 2008. doi:10.1038/nature06536

Global distribution of relative risk of an EID event caused by zoonotic pathogens Maps are derived for EID events caused by: a) zoonotic pathogens from wildlife and b) zoonotic pathogens from nonwildlife, and are mapped on a linear scale from green (lower values) to red (higher values). Jones K et al. Nature, Vol 451| 21 February 2008. doi:10.1038/nature06536

Influenza Coordination Contributing to One World, One Health* A Strategic Framework for Reducing Risks of Infectious Diseases at the Animal–Human–Ecosystems Interface 14 October 2008 UN System Influenza Coordination THE WORLD BANK *Used with permission of the Wildlife Conservation Society

Contributing to One World, One HealthTM A Strategic Framework for Reducing Risks of Infectious Diseases at the Animal–Human–Ecosystems Interface … build on the existing approaches and mandates of international institutions and other partners to form a flexible network… …a network that is expected to be nimble enough to be able to adapt, form new coalitions, and respond rapidly to any new health emergencies Internationally, this network would be built on a number of structures and mechanisms that have been already established by agencies such as FAO, OIE, WHO and UNICEF

Specific objectives and outputs Strategic Framework for Reducing Risks of Infectious Diseases at the Animal–Human–Ecosystems Interface Develop surveillance capacity, including the development of standards, tools and monitoring processes at national, regional and global levels Strengthen public and animal health capacity, including communication strategies to prevent, detect and respond to disease outbreaks at national, regional and international levels Strengthen national emergency response capability, including a global rapid response support capacity Promote inter-agency and cross-sectoral collaboration and partnerships Control HPAI and other existing and potentially re-emerging infectious diseases Conduct strategic research

OIE Listed Diseases – Multiple Species Diseases Anthrax Aujeszky's disease Bluetongue Brucellosis (B. abortus/melitensis/suis) Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever Echinococcosis/hydatidosis Epizootic haemorrhagic disease Equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern) Foot and mouth disease Heartwater Japanese encephalitis New world screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) Old world screwworm (Chrysomya bezziana) Paratuberculosis Q fever Rabies Rift Valley fever Rinderpest Surra (Trypanosoma evansi) Trichinellosis Tularemia Vesicular stomatitis West Nile fever These diseases are identified as multispecies diseases – those shown in bold have documented infections in humans and animals, and those in italics have been uncommonly documented or play a putative role in human disease

The Global Early Warning and Response System (GLEWS) combines and coordinates the alert and response mechanisms of OIE, FAO and WHO assists in prediction, prevention and control of animal disease threats, including zoonoses

GLEWS Zoonotic Diseases of Interest Anthrax Brucellosis (B. melitensis) BSE Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever Ebola virus Foodborne Diseases Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Japanese equine encephalitis Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever New world screwworm Nipah Virus Old world screwworm Q fever Rabies Rift Valley fever Sheep Pox/Goat Pox Tularemia Venezuelan equine encephalitis West Nile fever Non-Zoonotic Diseases: African Swine Fever, Classical Swine Fever, Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, Foot and mouth disease, Peste des Petits Ruminants, Rinderpest

Summary – OWOH and the Implications for Biosafety and Laboratory Biosecurity Increasing emerging diseases and increasing role of zoonotic pathogens Fighting the disease at its source – increased handling of novel pathogens, with poorly defined zoonotic potential, at veterinary and human medicine laboratories Focused activity in proposed “hotspots”, with fewer resources to maintain stringent biosafety and laboratory biosecurity standards Increased referrals of “unidentified” pathogens to international reference laboratories

Thank you for your attention Organisation Mondiale de la Santé Animale World Organisation for Animal Health Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal Thank you for your attention k.glynn@oie.int 12 rue de Prony, 75017 Paris, France - www.oie.int – oie@oie.int