INFO 414 Information Behavior Models of information behavior

Classic IR Model Match Document Document Representation Query Information Need Match

Berrypicking Berrypicking focuses is on the sequence of searcher behaviors Query is evolving Searchers may use different search strategies in a single query Implications for design of information systems

Berrypicking Q3 Q5 Q1 T T T T T Q2 Q4 E Q0 T=thought, Q=query variation, E=exit, =documents, information

Ellis (1989) – Searching Methods Starting: Looking for information in a new area on on a new topic. Chaining: Searching by following citation connections between materials. Differentiating: Selecting information sources based on their orientation and intended audience.

Ellis (1989) – Searching Methods Monitoring: The continuous monitoring of developments in a field of study Extracting: Going through a particular source selectively identifying relevant material from that source

Ellis (1989) Information-seeking patterns of social scientists Six characteristics: Starting Chaining Browsing Differentiating Monitoring Extracting

Ellis (1989) Behavioral Model of Information Seeking Diagrammatic presentation suggested by Wilson, 1999

Kuhlthau (1991) six stages in the information search process incorporated in three realms affective - feelings cognitive - thoughts physical - actions

Kuhlthau (1991) Stages initiation - the first awareness of a lack of knowledge or understanding selection - identifying the general topic of the approach to be pursued exploration - investigating information on the general topic, to improve orientation sufficiently to form a focus for resolving the problem

Kuhlthau (1991) formulation - forming a focus for the information encountered collection - extends and supports the focus and selects information pertaining specifically to the focus presentation - completing the search and preparing to present or otherwise use the findings

Kuhlthau’s model of the information search process Stages in ISP Feelings Thoughts Actions Appropriate task common to Common to common to According to Kuhlthau each stage each stage each stage Model 1. Initiation Uncertainty General Seeking Recognise Vague Background Information 2. Selection Optimism Identify 3. Exploration Confusion/ Seeking Frustration Relevant 4. Formulation Clarity Narrowed/ Formulate Clearer 5. Collection Sense of Increased Seeking Gather Direction/ Interest Relevant or Confidence Focused 6. Presentation Relief/ Clearer or Complete Satisfaction Focused or Disappointment