CULTURAL CONNECTIONS Intro to the study of population

- Demography = the study of human populations Population growth is a result of two factors: Natural Increase (more births than deaths) and Immigration (people moving to Canada). Some Terminology: - Demography = the study of human populations - Immigrate = to move permanently to another country other than one’s native country - Emigrate = to leave your country of origin to live permanently in another country

It is important to use rates, not numbers – rates show relations to size of the population. Rates allow for easier comparison between populations in different countries of historical periods. Birth Rate = relationship between number of births and the size of the population (# of births per year for every 1000 people) Death Rate = # of deaths per year for every 1000 people)

Natural Increase Rate = birth rate – death rate Net Immigration Rate = immigration rate – emigration rate Population growth or decline has a major influence on people’s lives. Too high = not enough for everyone. Too little = shortage of workers

Compounding – population growth occurs on top of growth that has already taken place Doubling Time = how long it would take for a country’s population to double Easy way: RULE OF 70 Divide 70 by the population growth rate i.e. if a country has a growth rate of 0.5% how many years would it take its population to double? 70 / 0.5 = 140 years

Stages of Demography Children (under 15) Working adults (15-64) Older adults (65+) Children and older adults make up the dependency load since they need to be supported by the Working Adults

4 Stages of Population Change: high birth and death rate = stability death rate drops (better healthcare and nutrition); birth rate stays high = natural increase drop in birth rate (parents have fewer children as it is more likely child will survive to adulthood, also live in cities – don’t need child farm hands) birth rate declines close to the death rate; population levels off (Canada approaching this)

POPULATION PYRAMIDS

http://images. google. com/imgres. imgurl=http://www. hewett. norfolk http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.hewett.norfolk.sch.uk/curric/NEWGEOG/Africa/Eth_py~1.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.hewett.norfolk.sch.uk/curric/NEWGEOG/Africa/Ethiopia.htm&h=314&w=416&sz=6&tbnid=XwBTtSrZvdIJ:&tbnh=92&tbnw=122&start=9&prev=/images%3Fq%3D%2522population%2Bpyramid%2522%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D

http://www.healthunit.org/chsr/environ/populat/fig_pop/pyr_pop.gif

This shape is typical of a developed country This shape is typical of a developed country. It is narrow at the base, wider in the middle, and stays quite wide until the very top, as there is a sizable percentage of older people. Note that there are more old women than men. Italy and Japan have population structures that are of this shape. This population pyramid is wide at the base, which means there are a large proportion of young people in the country. It tapers very quickly as you go up into the older age groups, and is narrow at the top. This shows that a very small proportion of people are elderly. This shape of pyramid is typical of a developing country, such as Kenya or Vietnam. http://www.scalloway.org.uk/images/poppy1.jpg

Questions: pg. 194 4c), 5a),b) c) Compare the 1881 pyramid with the 1956 and 2004 pyramids on page 190. What changes do you see? How would these changes affect society?