DOXEY’S “IRRIDEX” direct link between increased community irritation & continual tourism development

EUPHORIA APATHY ANNOYANCE ANTAGONISM Initial phase of development, visitors & investors welcome, little planning or control mechanism - exploration Visitors taken for granted, contacts between residents & outsiders more formal (commercial), planning concerned mostly with marketing APATHY Saturation points approached, “hosts” have misgivings about tourism, policy makers attempt solutions via increasing infrastructure (rather than limiting growth) - critical on butlers curve ANNOYANCE Irritations openly expressed, visitors seen as cause of all problems, planning now remedial but promotion increased to offset deteriorating reputation of destination ANTAGONISM