How and Where Earthquakes Happen

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Presentation transcript:

How and Where Earthquakes Happen Chapter 12-1 How and Where Earthquakes Happen

Earthquakes Movement of ground caused by a release of energy Movement along faults

Faults Fault – break in rock

Why Earthquakes Happen Faults locked Stress caused faults to break

Elastic Rebound Return of elasticity from deformed rock to original shape

Earthquake Parts Focus – point of 1st motion of a quake Epicenter – point on surface above focus Most damage

Focus 90% are shallow Shallow : 70km Intermediate : 70-300km Deep: 300-650km

Seismic Waves Travel in all directions Body wave – travel through the material Surface wave – Travel on surface of material

Body Waves P wave – Primary Compression Fastest Solids, liquids, gases

Body Waves S wave – Secondary 2nd fastest Side to side motion Only solids

Surface Waves Shallow faults Slowest Great damage Love – side to side Rayleigh - rolling

Seismic Waves and the Interior Useful in determining the Earth’s interior

Andrija Mohorovicic Moho - Seismic waves speed up around 30 km Mantle is denser than crust

Shadow Zones Area where no direct seismic waves can be detected

Convergent Ocean Environments

Divergent Oceanic Environments

Continental Environments

Fault Zones Region of numerous faults

Earthquakes Away from Faults New Madrid, Missouri 1811 and 1812 Felt in South Carolina Ancient fault deep in Earth Buried by sediment