Chapter 21.1-21.2 Growth of Cities and Immigration Essential Question: What causes the rapid growth of cities and what role will immigrants play in their development?

Industrialization changes cities Industrial Revolution changes where people work around the turn of the century People moved to cities to find jobs (factory work) The growth of cities due to workers seeking factory jobs is called urbanization

Technology To house the millions of people flooding the cities, skyscrapers were developed - Skyscrapers are tall buildings that looked as though they would “scrape the sky” (fit more people and businesses into a more efficient space) elevators invented in 1889 so that people could easily get to the top floors streetcars replaced walking and horses. People could now be carried quickly to work and play. Worlds largest building with 168 floors in Dubai (Burj Khalifa) Building with most floors in the Unites States is the Willis Sears tower in Chicago with 110 floors.

City Life Due to the large number of people in cities, conditions were dangerous and unhealthy overcrowding led to the creation of tenements, rundown apartments that were affordable Many tenements had no running water and inadequate garbage pick up. These conditions were unhealthy and led to disease. Neighborhoods with such housing were called slums.

Political Machines political machines formed largely as a result of problems in the cities. They are organizations that form to influence local government traded favors for votes (bosses gave food or jobs for votes) many acts of the machines were illegal (broke rules, took bribes) Political machines also helped by creating; parks, sewers, roads, schools and finding immigrants jobs

William Magear Tweed American politician most notable for being the "boss" of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in the politics of 19th century New York City and State. Nickname: “Boss Tweed”

New Immigrants Ellis Island was the first stop for most immigrants coming from Europe Immigrants had to be processed before entering the country. -pass a physical -questions -poor conditions Immigrants from Asia landed at Angel Island -filthy -held for several weeks

Settling in America Once in America, immigrants looked for others from the “old country” to help them find jobs People from the same ethnic background moved to the same neighborhood ethnic: a social group of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural, or national experience Neighborhoods like “Little Italy” and “Chinatown” form supported each other by pooling money, talent, and supporting political machines

Little Italy in New York Chinatown in the 1900s

Fitting in…. Immigrants took any job they could get -low pay -high risk America becomes a melting pot, a place where all cultures blend -most immigrants wanted to assimilate (blend in) despite assimilation, immigrants faced discrimination and prejudice

Chinatown Little Italy

Summary Write a 10 sentence summary Make sure you are answering the questions that you created for your notes AND your Essential Question! Essential Question: What causes the rapid growth of cities and what role will immigrants play in their development?