Unit 7-A (B): Encoding: Getting Information In Mr. McCormick A.P. Psychology

Do-Now (Discussion) What are the 3 processes of memory? What are the 3 stages of memory? What was criticized about the Atkinson-Shiffrin Three-Stage Model of Memory?

How We Encode: Automatic Vs. Effortful Processing Automatic Processing: Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings Effortful Processing: Encoding that requires attention and conscious information

How We Encode: Automatic Vs. Effortful Processing What are some things that you might encode through automatic processing? What are some things that you might encode through effortful processing?

How We Encode: Automatic Vs. Effortful Processing Without writing it down, how could you attempt to remember a new phone number?

Rehearsal Rehearsal: The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage Hermann Ebbinghaus: Rehearsal using non-sense syllables

Rehearsal The more times the nonsense syllables were practiced on Day 1, the fewer repetitions were required to remember them on Day 2.

Spacing Effect Spacing Effect: The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice

Serial Position Effect Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list

Serial Position Effect How could you apply the principles of the Spacing Effect and Serial Position Effect to your own study habits?

Types of Encoding Visual Encoding: Acoustic Encoding: The encoding of picture images Imagery Mnemonic devices Acoustic Encoding: The encoding of sound, especially the sound of words Semantic Encoding: The encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words

Chunking Chunking: Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically

Organizing Information for Encoding

Review Differentiate between the following ways in which we encode information: Automatic Processing Effortful Processing Rehearsal Spacing Effect Serial Position Effect Visual Encoding Acoustic Encoding Semantic Encoding Chunking

Homework Unit 7 Key People Unit 7 FRQ Research Study Response # 16: “Thanks for the Memories!” (Pgs. 117-125) Chapter 9 Outline: “Thinking, Problem-Solving, Creativity, and Language”