Imperialism at the Turn of the Century

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Imperialism at the Turn of the Century How does America become a world power?

Imperialism: a policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories Discuss: Why would US want to expand its territory like Europeans? 1. Military Strength: other nations have strong military so should US (Alfred Mahan) 2.New markets: US needs raw materials & markets to sell prdcts 3.Cultural Superiority: manifest destiny, Social Darwinism

Beyond the shining seas 1867: Secretary of State William Seward wants to buy Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million ­ Some in congress question the decision calling it “Seward’s folly” ­ Congress approves sale, Alaska rich in gold, oil & timber ­ Many in US now favor taking more lands

US Annexes Hawai'i 1890: US raises tariffs on imported goods American sugar growers in Hawai'i want the US to annex the country to avoid tariff, Pres. Cleveland refuses 1893: Queen Liliuokalani tries to change Hawai'i’s constitution, give more power to Hawaiians less to foreigners American businessman (helped by US Marines) overthrow Queen in a coup, name Sanford Dole President of Republic of Hawai'i 1898: McKinley becomes President, who agrees to US annexation

1895: Jose Marti leads a Cuban rebellion against Spain Spanish-American War 1895: Jose Marti leads a Cuban rebellion against Spain Marti uses guerilla warfare, destroys sugar plantations, hopes US will intervene Spain sends in Gen. Valeriano Weyler Yellow Journalists like Hearst & Pulitzer exaggerated stories about “Weyler the Butcher” American sympathy grows for the “Cuba Libre movement” Pres McKinley, being pressured by big business & his cabinet to protect American interests in Cuba In secret letter, Spain’s minister Dupuy de Lome calls McKinley weak Americans upset at Spanish insult, McKinley sends USS Maine to bring home Americans in Cuba

Next, Teddy Roosevelt’s Rough Riders lead the US invasion of Cuba Feb 15, 1898 USS Maine blows up in Havana Harbor Yellow Journalists say Spain sinks ship, Hearst offers $50K reward - “Remember the Maine” – McKinley asks for war Instead of attacking in Cuba, US opens war in Philippines (US “helping” Filipinos) Next, Teddy Roosevelt’s Rough Riders lead the US invasion of Cuba Spain loses the war in 6mos, US gives $10 million for control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam & Philippines

Aftermath of the Sp-Am War Puerto Rico: becomes a colony of US, US chooses its leaders, Puerto Ricans choose legislature (citizenship given in 1917) 2. Cuba: Gets independence, US troops will remain on island Platt Amendment: a) No treaties w/ foreign govs b) US gets land on the island for Navy c) US can intervene if problems 3. The Philippines: will be annexed by US, and become a colony ● 1899: Emilio Aguinaldo leads rebellion against US ● US forces crush the rebellion

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