ENZYMES 2-4 http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/enzyme_.gif

Chemical reactions need help to get started. Ex: A fire needs a match to get it started. http://www.chuckwagondiner.com/art/matches.jpg http://plato.acadiau.ca/COURSES/comm/g5/Fire_Animation.gif

______________ to get a chemical reaction _______________ = ________________________ Energy required STARTED ACTIVATION ENERGY ACTIVATION ENERGY REACTANTS PRODUCTS Image from: Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved

___________ HELP CHEMICAL REACTIONS _______________ HAPPEN FASTER Image from: Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved CATALYSTS ___________ HELP CHEMICAL REACTIONS _______________ HAPPEN FASTER Catalysts work by ____________ the ___________________________to get a chemical reaction started. DECREASING ACTIVATION ENERGY required

IT’S LIKE PUSHING A SNOWBALL UP A HILL Once it gets to top . . . it can roll back all by itself http://www.gifs.net

CATALYSTS in Living Things Image from: http://www.hillstrath.on.ca/moffatt/bio3a/digestive/enzanim.htm CATALYSTS in Living Things In living systems __________ that ________________to control chemical reactions are called = _________ PROTEINS act as catalysts ENZYMES SEE ANIMATION of AMYLASE More about this in Chapters 7,8,9 and 12

Click the image to play the video segment. Enzymatic Reactions 2D Click the image to play the video segment. Video 4

PROTEINS CAN BE ENZYMES ACTIVE SITE ENZYME SUBSTRATE ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX ENZYME Unchanged & Reusable PRODUCTS Image modified from: http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/enzyme_.gif Arrow: http://www.gifanimations.com/action/ImageDisplay/1/2/11/next

Click HERE to learn more about enzymes ENZYMES _____ like a _______________ to only _________of _________. Enzymes are ___________ by the reaction and ___________ FIT LOCK AND KEY SUBSTRATE ONE KIND UNCHANGED REUSABLE http://www.grand-illusions.com/images/articles/toyshop/trick_lock/mainimage.jpg

FACTORS THAT AFFECT ENZYME ACTIVITY __________ & ______________ Conditions that are TOO ACIDIC or TOO HOT cause proteins to ________ or _________ pH temperature UNWIND DENATURE See a movie Choose narrated http://www.desktopfotos.de/Downloads/melt_cd.jpg http://www.nealbrownstudio.com/adm/photo/163_nb_fried_egg.jpg

changes shape ACTIVE SITE CAN’T BIND Denaturing _______ the _______ of the ______________ so enzyme ______________ to ____________ changes shape ACTIVE SITE CAN’T BIND SUBSTRATE _______________ (keeping pH and temperature constant) is ______________ for maintaining ____________________ HOMEOSTASIS IMPORTANT ENZYME FUNCTION Image modified from: http://www.lewport.wnyric.org/jwanamaker/animations/Enzyme%20activity.html

-ASE Many enzyme NAMES end in _____ and the beginning of the name tells what it does DNA Polymerase= “polymerizes” joins monomers to make DNA Protease= breaks down proteins ATP synthase= synthesizes ATP

How is the SHAPE of an enzyme related to its FUNCTION? MAKE CONNECTIONS How is the SHAPE of an enzyme related to its FUNCTION? http://www.gb-sports.co.uk/zoggsfinz.jpg http://www.webweaver.nu/clipart/img/misc/construction/hammer-animation.gif

SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things 9-12.L.1.1. Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells. EXAMPLE: role of enzymes

SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things. 9-12.L.1.2A. (Synthesis) Describe how living systems use biofeedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. 9-12.L.1.4A. (Application) Identify factors that change the rates of enzyme catalyzed reactions.

Core High School Life Science Performance Descriptors High school students performing at the ADVANCED level: explain how protein production is regulated; predict how homeostasis is maintained within living systems; PROFICIENT level: describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, …ADP/ATP, role of enzymes); describe the relationship between structure and function BASIC level name chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes); recognize that different structures perform different functions; identify DNA as the structure that carries the genetic code; define homeostasis;