Physics 112 Star Systems Lecture 6 To The Moon Kevin H Knuth University at Albany Fall 2012

“I have learned to use the word impossible with the greatest caution” - Werner von Braun

Yuri Gagarin (March 9, 1934 – March 27, 1968) Yuri Gagarin was a Soviet Cosmonaut. On April 12, 1961, Gagarin became the first human to travel into space as he orbited the Earth in Vostok 1. He is known in Russian history as the Columbus of the Cosmos. A Monument to Yuri Gagarin in Moscow wikipedia

Yuri Gagarin in Vostok 1 Yuri in Vostok 1 wikipedia Vostok 1

John Glenn (born July 18, 1921, in Cambridge, Ohio) John Glenn was the first American in space. On February 20, 1962 he piloted Friendship 7 (Mercury 6) on a 4 hour 55 minute mission where he orbited the Earth. Shortly after President Kennedy’s assassination, John Glenn left NASA to run for office in Ohio, where he became Senator from 1974 – 1999. He returned to space payload specialist in 1998 in the Space Shuttle Discovery. wikipedia

Mercury Missions The Mercury Project from 1959 – 1963 was America’s first manned spaceflight program with the goal of putting a person into Earth orbit. payload specialist payload specialist The capsules were small (1.7 cubic meters) and could hold only a single person. To make matters more difficult, there were 120 controls that the astronaut had to deal with. wikipedia

Mercury Capsule payload specialist payload specialist http://www.nasm.si.edu/collections/imagery/apollo/apollo.htm

Gemini Missions (1965 – 1966) “To subject man and equipment to space flight up to two weeks in duration. To rendezvous and dock with orbiting vehicles and to maneuver the docked combination by using the target vehicle's propulsion system; To perfect methods of entering the atmosphere and landing at a preselected point on land. Its goals were also met, with the exception of a land landing, which was cancelled in 1964.” payload specialist payload specialist http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/gemini/flight-summary.htm

Earth & Lunar Orbital Missions Lunar Landing Missions Apollo Missions Preparing for the Moon In Greek mythology, Artemis and Apollo were twin brother and sister. Artemis was the Goddess of the Moon.                 Earth & Lunar Orbital Missions Lunar Landing Missions APOLLO 1** APOLLO 11 APOLLO 7 APOLLO 12 APOLLO 8 APOLLO 13* APOLLO 9 APOLLO 14 APOLLO 10 APOLLO 15 APOLLO 16   APOLLO 17 payload specialist payload specialist

Apollo 1 Disaster On January 27, 1967, the crew of Apollo 1 was lost in a cabin fire on the launch pad. payload specialist payload specialist Edward White, Virgil (Gus) Grissom, and Roger Chaffee

Mission Outline

Various Orbits Lunar Orbit Insertion Earth Orbit Insertion Earth Orbit Trans-Lunar Orbit Insertion

Apollo 11: First Moon Landing Michael Collins Stayed in orbit in the Command Module payload specialist payload specialist Neil Armstrong First person to walk on the Moon Buzz Aldrin Second person to walk on the Moon

Apollo Landing Missions Apollo 11 Mare Tranquillitatis (Sea of Tranquility) July 20, 1969 Neil A. Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Michael Collins Apollo 12 Oceanus Procellarum (Ocean of Storms) Nov 19, 1969 Charles Conrad, Jr., Alan Bean, Richard Gordon Apollo 13 Did Not land April 1970 James A. Lovell, Jr., Fred W. Haise, Jr., John L. Swigert, Jr. Apollo 14 Fra Mauro Feb 5, 1971 Alan B. Shepard, Jr., Edgar D. Mitchel, Stuart A. Roosa Apollo 15 Hadley Rille/Apennine Mountains July 30, 1971 David R. Scott, James B. Irwin, Alfred M. Worden Apollo 16 Descartes Highlands April 21, 1972 John W. Young, Charles M. Duke, Jr., Thomas K. Mattingly Apollo 17 Taurus-Littrow Dec 11, 1972 Eugene A. Cernan, Harrison H. Schmitt, Ronald E. Evans payload specialist payload specialist

Apollo Patches payload specialist payload specialist

Anatomy of the Saturn V The Saturn V is a 360 ft tall three-stage rocket.

Mission Outline

Launch Remember that the Saturn V is HUGE!

Jettisoning Stages As the fuel for each stage runs out, the stage is jettisoned so they do not have to carry it into orbit.

First Stage (S-1C) Engines: 5 Rocketdyne F-1 Thrust: 34.02 MN (7,648,000 lb) Burn time: 150 seconds Fuel: RP-1/LOX

F-1 Engine

First Stage Separates

Second Stage

Mission Outline

Third Stage Lunar Module (LM) Command Module (CM)

Mission Outline

Separation, Transposition and Docking

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Lunar Module and Command Module Command Module (CM) stays in orbit around the Moon (one person doesn’t get to walk on the Moon). Lunar Module (LM) lands on the Moon.

Mission Outline

Descent

Landed

Exploration

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Ascent

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Rendezvous Lunar Module (LM) Command Module (CM)

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Splashdown

Recovery

Mission Outline