Scottish International Policing Conference 2017 Policing and Professionalisation: Opportunities and Challenges Edinburgh 14 December 2017 Building Police Professionalism: the Exchange of Capacity between International and Domestic Policing Forums Dr Georgina Sinclair www.stratexint.com

Outline International Policing & ‘Exchange of Capacity’? Research Agenda 2009 to present Benefits & Value for UK policing Benefits & Value for policing in Scotland Building police professionalism through capacity exchange

Exchange of Capacity? International Policing is not a one-way process Complex exchange between multiple stakeholders Police, military & civilian personnel (Goldsmith, 2006) Positive/negative effects first described as reverse capacity-building (Goldsmith & Harris, 2009) ‘the impact [of the policing experience] upon personnel from donor countries who have engaged in assisting national development elsewhere’ and the ‘potential consequences for domestic policing’ Exchange of capacity – complexity of police interactions is a two-way process

International Policing Research Agenda Data drawn from interviews – 250 + UK Officers 2009 – 2017 Wide range of EU, UN & Bi-lateral missions Research parallels findings Australia, Canada, Germany, France & Italy Benefits of international missions far outweigh limitations Value demonstrated for local communities, police officers and UK policing

The UK Context - Benefits/Value? Local Communities ‘New’ Perspectives on Policing in UK Community Engagement Problem Solving Building Partnerships Multi – Agency Approach to Policing Cultural Understanding Soft Skills Dialogue Youth Gender & Diversity Policing Career Education Enablement Resilience Problem Solving Opportunity Networking Diversity Motivation Nurture Police Officers Leadership & Management Professionalism Improved Policing Skills Independence Negotiate & Influence Working with Others Cultural Awareness Understanding Communities Proud to Police in UK

Police Scotland & International Development 76 deployments 2017 supporting national & international strategy E.g. Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Qatar, Malawi, Zambia, Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda, Anguilla, Ethiopia, India, Namibia, Jamaica, Grand Cayman, Greece … Delivering training & development Building national/international partnerships Developing officers & staff through international activities International deployments widely supported divisional command

The Scottish Context - Benefits/Value? Local Communities ‘New’ Perspectives on Policing Scotland Local Community Engagement Risk Awareness Problem Solving Building Community Partnerships Cultural Understanding Soft Skills Vulnerable Communities Sexual & Gender-Based Violence Dealing with Challenges Policing Localism Learning Communities Knowledge Transfer Problem Solving Opportunity Open Mindedness Diversity Motivation Vision Police Officers Leadership & Management Professionalism Broaden Policing Horizon Independence Empathy Communication Skills Cultural Awareness/Sensitivity Understanding Diversity Renewed Enthusiasm Confidence

Concluding Observations UK data demonstrates exchange of capacity (‘knowledge’) between ‘international’ & ‘local’ police Professional development/personal growth Focus on community/stakeholder engagement Foundation ‘lessons learned’ & ‘best practice’ Building police professionalism through career development/enhanced skills sets