Chromatographic separation - classifying analytical separations; column chromatography, planar chromatography - gas chromatography; introduction, application - hplc; introduction, application

Simple separation VS Chromatographic separation Principle of simple separation (exp partitioning between phases): The separation occurs only one direction Increase efficiency by using fresh extracting phase. The principle of chromatographic separation: extracting the solutes back and forth between fresh portion of the two phases. The two phases used are called the mobile phase and the stationary phase.

Chromatography Chromatography is the separation of a mixture based on the different degrees to which they interact with two separate material phases: The two phases are: The stationary phase The mobile phase

The stationary phase – a phase that is fixed in place either in a column or in a planar surface. The stationary phase is either a porous solid used alone or coated with a stationary liquid phase. The mobile phase – a phase that moves over or through the stationary phase, carrying with it the analyte mixture. It is also called the eluting fluid. The mobile phase can be a gas, a liquid, or a supercritical fluid.

Column VS Planar chromatography Principle of column chromatography: The stationary phase is placed in a narrow column through which the mobile phase moves under the influence of gravity or pressure.

Principle of planar chromatography The stationary phase coats a flat glass, metal, or plastic plate and is placed in a developing chamber. A reservoir containing the mobile phase is placed in contact with the stationary phase, and the mobile phase moves by capillary action. Exp paper chromatography and Thin layer chromatography.

Next presentation!(G12) Elaborate the following procedures in using gas chromatography Extraction Standard solution Calibration curve Peak area determination Your references Practical manual Text book