Chapter 4 : Lesson 3 Political Geography

What influences the level and type of a country’s government? Essential Question What influences the level and type of a country’s government?

What is Political Geography? The study of governmental systems from around the world

What is Government? An organization that people set up to protect their community and to enforce its rules Roles of the government: To protect lives To protect liberties To protect property of members of the community To provide services that the people cannot provide on their own

Autocracy Power and authority are in the hands of a single person. Opposition usually is not tolerated. Monarchy Absolute Limited Constitutional Feudalism

Oligarchy A small group holds power and they often suppress opposition. Their power comes from: Wealth Military position Social position (family) Religious position

Monarchy Ruled by a family headed by a King or Queen The ruler inherits their power - when the ruler dies, power is passed to one of the monarch’s children or close relative These monarchs (kings, sultans, emperors) surround themselves with followers and advisors who help them govern

Constitutional Monarchy Monarchs share power with an elected legislature Parliament Usually the monarch serves as the symbolic head of state while elected members of Parliament govern the country Example: United Kingdom, Jordan

Cambodia is a constitutional monarchy Qaboos Bin Said Al Said – Sultan of Oman Imperial household of Japan (ko shitsu) oldest continuous hereditary monarchy in the world. Akihito. Queen Elizabeth - United Kingdom-constitutional monarchy Sheikh Sabah Al‑Ahmad Al‑Jaber Al‑Sabah. Kuwait is a constitutional monarchy Mswati III of Swaziland, Africa’s last absolute monarch in the world. Cambodia‑Sihamoni Cambodia is a constitutional monarchy

Republic A republic is a government without a king or a queen. Usually when a country overturns its monarchy it will become a republic. Republics can be democratic, theocratic, or parliamentary. An example would be the United States, which is a Democratic Republic

Branches of United States Government

Democracy Government authority is based on the will of the people. People either vote on issues directly, or they elect representatives who make government decisions for them. People have certain rights – whereas they can criticize the government freely. There are two types that we see: Direct Democracy Representative Democracy

Direct Democracy The very first known democracy was in ancient Greece in the 5th c BCE. Democracy is Greek for “people-power.” Citizens assembled to make decisions for their city-states. They voted on these issues directly. This is where the term direct-democracy evolved from. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S6i6JBIbuyc&NR=1

Representative Democracy It is a democracy where different social groups elected their own representatives, who then met in assemblies. Nobles were represented in the Senate Government power was divided between two branches and voting was on various issues. Romans were the first to develop the representative democracy.

Direct Democracy - in which citizens have direct and active participation in the decision making of the government. Representative Democracy - citizens remain the sovereign power but political power is exercised indirectly through elected representatives.

Dictatorship One individual holds complete political power The leader either seizes control by force or is placed into a position of authority by others the citizens have no influence over governmental policy and do not have the right to choose their own leaders Pros – easy, quick to makes big changes Cons – corruption, dissent is not allowed Examples: Former Saddam’s Iraq Zimbabwe Former Nazi Germany Former Libya http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/06/21/the_worst_of_the_worst?page=full Article for the Worst Dictators. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bzWSJG93P8&feature=related Theme for dictator page.

What do you think the colors of the map tell us about government(s) around the world? What do you think each color represents?

Countries marked in dark colors are authoritarian, and most often dictatorships. Most of current dictatorships are in Africa and Asia.

http://www. foreignpolicy http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/06/21/2010_failed_states_index_interactive_map_and_rankings

Communism The state plans and controls the economy and a single - often authoritarian - party holds power the elimination of private ownership of property or capital Example: Cuba, People’s Republic of China, North Korea Pros – Classless Society Cons – lack of Freedom

Theocracy Government run by religious leaders. It is an old form of government, like a monarchy. Government claims to be directed by God or divinely blessed. No legal separation between church and state Citizens of other faiths are often excluded or expelled. Ancient times rulers were often priests.

Examples of Theocracy throughout history. In the Middle Ages, the head of the Catholic Church, the Pope, ruled extensive territories in Italy. The Byzantine Empire was ruled by an emperor who was also head of the church. Pharaohs of ancient Egypt were believed to be gods. Iran, has both a theocratic and democratic government. The President and representatives are elected but are controlled by the Supreme Leader. In early colonial times, Puritan ministers helped govern Massachusetts. The Supreme Leader is an Islamic cleric appointed for life.

“Anarchy” or “Failed State” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/06/21/2010_failed_states_index_interactive_map_and_rankings Failed state interactive website. Nobody in charge, only gangs and warlords. Fueled by drugs or desire to control resources. Happens when a country collapses. Example: Somalia, parts of West Africa

What kinds of borders? Cultural Boundary – a geographical boundary between two different cultures Natural Boundary –created by physical features that divide one place from another Example: Rio Grande River (Mexico and US)

1. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT: The pharaoh was an absolute ruler. He commanded the army and controlled irrigation and grain supplies. People in this society considered the pharaoh to be a god. Monarchy

2. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT In the first century AD, the Greeks recognized three types of government: monarchy, aristocracy, and anarchy. The Jews at the time did not fit into any of these categories as they believed only God and his laws were sovereign. Theocracy

3. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT: In 450 B.C. this civilization assembled and all citizens voted on laws. A council of 500 prepared business for the assembly. Direct Democracy

4. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT: The Nazi Party took over every aspect of this country’s social, economic & political life. Hitler quickly secured his power by burning down a legislative building and used the incident to obtain emergency powers, becoming an absolute ruler. Dictatorship

5. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT: In this country some people are elected to make laws and some people are appointed officials. Representative Democracy

Google Classroom Assignment : Video Using the Internet research Hong Kong. In a three paragraphs tell me about Hong Kong's history of government, what it is now and what it was, also explain possible ways that Hong Kong’s natural boundaries affect Cultural boundaries and lifestyles of Hong Kong citizens

Review Question: Chapter 4 : Lesson 3 Read pages 87-91 and answer Review Questions on page 91 Hand in Google Class Room.