The Geography of Africa.

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Presentation transcript:

The Geography of Africa

Introduction to Africa

Africa’s Size Second largest continent  11,700,000 sq. mi. 4 6 0 0 M I L E S 5 0 0 0 M I L E S Second largest continent  11,700,000 sq. mi. 10% of the world’s population. 2 ½ times the size of the U. S.

A Satellite View

Why is Africa called The “Tropical” Continent? Tropic of Cancer 20° N Why is Africa called The “Tropical” Continent? Equator 0° Tropic of Capricorn 20° S

Desertification

The Sahara Desert

The African Savannah: 13 million sq. mi.

The Sahel

Mediterranean Climate Sunny and mild climate at northern and southern end of Africa. Rich agricultural region. Most densely populated region in Africa.

African Rain Forest Annual rainfall of up to 17 ft. Rapid decomposition (very humid). Covers 37 countries. 15% of the land surface of Africa.

Tropical Rain Forest

West Africa: Home of our Hurricanes

Great Rift Valley

Great Rift Valley 3,000 miles long

Topography of Africa

The Mighty Nile River: “Longest River in the World”

Hunters-Gatherers Africa’s earliest peoples were nomadic hunter-gatherers. Today, some of the San of the Kalahari Desert are still hunter-gatherers. They travel in small bands of a few related families. The men hunt with spears and bows and arrows, and the women and children gather roots and berries.

Pastoralism - Herding

Pastoralism - Herding Other early Africans eventually learned to domesticate and raise a variety of animals for food. Called herders, or pastoralists, these people kept cattle, goats, or sheep. They were nomads who drove their animals to find water and good pastures for grazing during the dry season. Millions of modern Africans are pastoral herders as well.

Rise of Agriculture

Slash and Burn Agriculture Agriculture drastically changed the way Africans lived. Growing their own food enabled them to build permanent shelters in one location. Settlements expanded because reliable food supplies led to longer, healthier lives and an increased birthrate. The increased food supply also freed some members of the community to practice activities such as working metal, making pottery, and crafting jewelry. Slash and Burn agriculture drastically altered the landscape by cutting vegetation and destroying the soil. This has contributed to desertification in some areas.

Planting Crops

Desertification

Victoria Falls

Seismic Activity in Africa

Mt. Kilimanjaro: Snow on the Equator?

Natural Resources

Bantu Migrations