The antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin 2 promotes itch through Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in mice Jing Feng, PhD, Jialie Luo, PhD, Madison.

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Presentation transcript:

The antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin 2 promotes itch through Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in mice Jing Feng, PhD, Jialie Luo, PhD, Madison R. Mack, BA, Pu Yang, PhD, Feng Zhang, BS, Guan Wang, BS, Xuan Gong, BS, Tao Cai, MD, PhD, Zhinan Mei, PhD, Brian S. Kim, MD, Shijin Yin, PhD, Hongzhen Hu, PhD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 140, Issue 3, Pages 885-888.e6 (September 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.035 Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 TRPV1 is the downstream mediator of hBD2-induced itch. A, Time course of the scratching response induced by vehicle (circle), hBD2 at 2 (square) and 5 (triangle) μg/50 μL recorded for 30 minutes after intradermal injection. B, Bar charts illustrate dose-dependent scratching response produced by intradermal injections of hBD2. n = 7 for vehicle, n = 6 for 2 μg and n = 9 for 5 μg hBD2. *P < .05, ****P < .0001, ANOVA. C-E, hBD2-induced scratching was reduced in Trpv1−/− (Fig 1, C, n = 5) but not Trpa1−/− (Fig 1, D, n = 4) or mast cell–deficient sash mice (Fig 1, E, n = 5). n = 6 for wild-type mice in all groups. ****P < .0001, n.s., not significant, Student t test. F, Representative traces showing [Ca2+]i responses in individual DRG neurons freshly isolated from wild-type mice in the presence of 10 μM hBD2. 100 nM capsaicin and 100 mM KCl were used as positive controls. Each colored line represents an individual cell. G and H, Representative I-V curves illustrate that 10 μM hBD2 did not activate HEK293 cells expressing mTRPV1 (Fig 1, G) or hTRPA1 (Fig 1, H) which were activated by 100 nM capsaicin or 100 μM allyl isothiocyanate (AITC). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2017 140, 885-888.e6DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.035) Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 TLR4 but not CCR2 or CCR6 mediates hBD2-induced itch. A-D, hBD2-induced acute itch was severely attenuated in Tlr4−/− mice (Fig 2, C, n = 7) and LysM-cre; Tlr4f/f conditional knockout mice (Fig 2, D, n = 6) but not ccr2−/− (A, n = 6) or ccr6−/− (B, n = 6) mice, compared with their control groups. **P < .01, n.s., not significant, Student t test. E-H, Representative traces showing hBD2-evoked [Ca2+]i response in skin-resident cells freshly isolated from ear preparations of wild-type (Fig 2, E), Tlr4−/− (Fig 2, F), and Tlr4CKO (Fig 2, G) mice and in acutely dissociated DRG neurons from the Tlr4−/− (Fig 2, H) mice (n = 5 independent repeats). 100 nM capsaicin, 100 mM KCl, and 1 μM ionomycin were used as positive controls in relevant experiments. Each colored line represents an individual cell. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2017 140, 885-888.e6DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.035) Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E1 Both hBD3 and mBD4 produce scratching responses when injected intradermally. A, Intradermal injections of hBD3 (5 μg/50 μL) elicited a scratching response in wild-type mice. n = 7 for each group. *P < .05, Student t test. B, Intradermal injection of mBD4 (5 μg/50 μL) induced a scratching response in wild-type mice. n = 6 for each group. mBD4, Murine beta-defensin 4. **P < .01, Student t test. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2017 140, 885-888.e6DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.035) Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E2 hBD2-treated skin superfusates evoked a robust [Ca2+]i response in wild-type but not Trpv1−/− DRG neurons. A, Representative traces showing that vehicle-treated skin superfusate did not evoke a [Ca2+]i response in the wild-type DRG neurons (n = 5 independent repeats). B, Representative traces showing that 10 μM hBD2-treated skin superfusate evoke a [Ca2+]i response in the wild-type DRG neurons (n = 5 independent repeats). C, The [Ca2+]i response evoked by hBD2-treated skin superfusate was not present in the Trpv1−/− DRG neurons (n = 5 independent repeats). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2017 140, 885-888.e6DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.035) Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E3 TLR4 is expressed primarily by dermal macrophages. A, Representative FACS plots of TLR4-positive cells in the skin and fluorescence minus one (FMO) negative control. TLR4+ cells are approximately 45% CD45+. B, Macrophages were defined as I-Ab−lo/− F4/80+ CD11b+ CD11c−, dendritic cells were defined as I-Ab-hi F4/80+/− CD11b+/− CD11c+, mast cells were defined as c-Kit+ FcERIa/IgE+, eosinophils were defined as Siglec-F+, and neutrophils were defined as CD11b+ Ly6-G+ I-Ab− F4/80−. C, Bar chart showing the percentages of cells found in each of the specified gates. Data are representative of 3 independent experiments. FACS, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting; FSC-H, forward scatter-height. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2017 140, 885-888.e6DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.035) Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E4 hBD2 stimulates human skin–resident myeloid-derived cells via TLR4. A, Representative traces showing that 10 μM hBD2-evoked a [Ca2+]i response in myeloid-derived cells freshly isolated from human forearm skin (n = 5 independent repeats). B, The selective TLR4 antagonist LPS-RS (2 μg/mL) nearly abolished the hBD2-induced [Ca2+]i responses in the human skin–resident myeloid-derived cells (n = 5 independent repeats). C, Bar charts illustrated that the percentage of human skin–resident myeloid-derived cells responded to hBD2, hBD2 plus LPS-RS. ****P < .0001, Student t test. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2017 140, 885-888.e6DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.035) Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E5 Injection of LPS, a TLR4 ligand, evoked acute pain but not itch sensation. A and B, Intradermal injections of LPS (5 μg and 50 μg) from Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica into wild-type mice did not cause significant scratching responses compared with vehicle control. n = 6 for each group. n.s., Not significant, ANOVA. C, Time course of changes in Paw withdrawal thresholds in response to von Frey filaments before and at several time points after intraplantar injections of 5 μg hBD2 or LPS from E coli and S enterica. n = 6 for each group. ***P < .001, ****P < .0001, n.s., Not significant, ANOVA. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2017 140, 885-888.e6DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.035) Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions