Conditioning the Spatial Integration of Renewable Energy? 03/12/2018 | 1 Conditioning the Spatial Integration of Renewable Energy? Dr. Christian Zuidema Spatial Planning & Environment Faculty of Spatial Sciences University of Groningen 1

Energy Transition renewable % renewable & sustainable hybrid fossil 03/12/2018 | 2 Energy Transition renewable & sustainable % renewable hybrid fossil time 2

Space matters 21st century renewables? Above the ground 03/12/2018 | 3 Space matters 21st century renewables? Above the ground Much space needed In our back yard

03/12/2018 | 4 Spatial Integration Avoid social resistance & create regional added value

Spatial integration Limited regulations 03/12/2018 | 5 Spatial integration Limited regulations Responsibilities not clearly stipulated Fear of public resistance Tendencies: Risk aversion Do only what you are responsible for (sectoral) Permits, licences, zoning plans Protect, allocate, prohibit… 5

Spatial integration Build op institutional capacity 03/12/2018 | 6 Spatial integration Build op institutional capacity New regulations and policies Integrated working (cross-sectoral) Shared governance But in a context of fast & unpredictable change! 6

The complexity of an energy transition 03/12/2018 | 7 The complexity of an energy transition Much is unknown, unpredictable and disputed ‘Adaptive responses are needed’ Control is modest: ‘Adaptive planning as trying to condition, facilitate, experiment and learn’ 7

Adaptive planning? Outcome is clear Outcome is not clear 03/12/2018 | 8 Adaptive planning?   Outcome is clear Outcome is not clear Policy dominates Policy follows 8

Adaptive planning (1) Control 03/12/2018 | 9 Adaptive planning   Outcome is clear Outcome is not clear Policy dominates Control Electricity cable to Denmark Policy follows (1) Control “clear cut cases of protection, provide a push for low- hanging fruit, but all..?” 9

Adaptive planning (2) Pilots, experiments, learning 03/12/2018 | 10 Adaptive planning   Outcome is clear Outcome is not clear Policy dominates Control Electricity cable to Denmark Policy follows Learning ‘how’ to get there Strategic Niche Management (2) Pilots, experiments, learning “nice, but does take a bit too much time…” 10

03/12/2018 | 11 Adaptive planning   Outcome is clear Outcome is not clear Policy dominates Control Electricity cable to Denmark Policy follows Learning ‘how’ to get there Strategic Niche Management Preparedness and adjustment Agile organizations (3) Flexible regulations, escape options, skills and pathways “will be crucial, but does not answer the question” 11

Adaptive planning (4) Conditioning: stimulate, accommodate, facilitate 03/12/2018 | 12 Adaptive planning   Outcome is clear Outcome is not clear Policy dominates Control Electricity cable to Denmark Conditioning the process PV subsidies Policy follows Learning ‘how’ to get there Strategic Niche Management Preparedness and adjustment Agile organizations (4) Conditioning: stimulate, accommodate, facilitate “seems most fitted to support new developments, but what are then the conditions?” 12

Conditioning? Only if with a local cooperative 03/12/2018 | 13 Conditioning? Only if X% revenues to community Only if with a local cooperative Only if X% of population endorses … “to what degree is this adaptive?”

03/12/2018 | 14 Adaptive planning   Outcome is clear Outcome is not clear Policy dominates Control Electricity cable to Denmark Conditioning the process PV subsidies Policy follows Learning ‘how’ to get there Strategic Niche Management Preparedness and adjustment Agile organizations Do we design the instiutions to help self-organisation to occurs, or do we allow self-organisation to partly ‘design’ the institutions? 14

Adaptive? Contract and covenant 03/12/2018 | 15 Adaptive? Contract and covenant Including only clear conditions on limited aspects (robustness) Wide social participation With values as underlying principles Motivate and explain

Questions & discussion? 03/12/2018 | 16 Questions & discussion? 16