THE LATINO EXPERIENCE IN AMERICA

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by Dr. Raúl Hinojosa-Ojeda January 2010

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Presentation transcript:

THE LATINO EXPERIENCE IN AMERICA Introduction to Latin America

I. PATTERNS INTRODUCTION THE NUMBERS GAME(S) Flows Stocks Proportions Costs and benefits Rates of assimilation

EMOTIONAL ISSUES AND POLITICAL DEBATES Ethnicity vs. melting pots Diversity vs. tradition Fairness vs. efficiency

Mexican-Origin Population in United States, 1900-2003 Mx-born (9.9)

Geographical Concentration of Mexican Migrants

II. QUESTIONS OF PUBLIC POLICY DIMENSIONS ~11-12 million illegal immigrants in U.S. 55-60% from Mexico 25% of Mexico’s able-bodied male workforce now in U.S. U.S.-Mexican wage ratio ~ 8:1

THE RANGE OF POLICY CHOICE: LEGAL MIGRATION Revise legal quotas Revise criteria for entry ILLEGAL MIGRATION Strategies for restriction: Building fences Blocking corridors (e.g., Operation Gatekeeper) Withdrawing incentives and benefits (e.g., Prop 187) Punishing employers

Strategies for opening: Augmenting quotas Guest-worker programs Eliminating barriers Strategies for reduction: Targeting economic development Circulating information Additional steps?

Bush on Migration: Phase 1: The Whole Enchilada (January-September 11, 2001) Phase 2: Focus on Security Phase 3: The Second Term (January 2005-07) Temporary amnesty for those here and employed Guest-worker program Eventual path to citizenship The Obama Record (2009-present): No comprehensive reform Extensive deportations (1.1 million!) Modest revisions (e.g., process for green card)

What Would You Do?