Cell Cycle Review

Grudge Ball Rules Each group begins the game with 10 x’s Each group will be asked a question If they get the answer correct that team gets to remove 2 x’s from another team. You can take them both from the same team or split them up. Before you take away x’s, you can increase the number by shooting the ball into the net. If you make the shot from the near line you can erase 4. From the far line, 5. You can NOT remove x’s from your own team. If your team is eliminated, you can win your way back by answering a question correctly AND shooting a basket.

Most of the life of the cell is spent in the phase called? Interphase

What is produced during transcription? mRNA

Inherited traits that may increase an organism’s survival adaptation

The correct order of Interphase is? G1, S, G2

The process of dividing the cytoplasm within the cell is called? Cytokinesis

Where does transcription occur? The nucleus

All of the genetic information in a population Gene pool

What can lead to mutations? UV rays, carcinogens, mutagens, etc.

During which phase of the cell cycle does most of cell growth take place? Interphase

Where does DNA Replication Occur? The Nucleus

Humans choose desired traits for breeding different organisms Artificial selection

DNA Replicates in which stage of Interphase? S phase

Uncontrolled cell division that attacks the organs is called? Cancer

What 2 molecules carry the instructions for protein synthesis? DNA and RNA

A chromosome is made up of two… Sister chromatids

An organism’s ability to survive and reproduce fitness

The phase in which the chromosomes line up in the middle is? Metaphase

What stage is this? Prophase

What happens during Translation? mRNA is translated into a protein

Limb bones that differ in function but are derived from the same ancestral bones are Homologous structures

What stage is this? Anaphase

What stage is this? Telophase

Where does translation occur? Cytoplasm/Ribosome

If a sandy beach becomes darker due to pollution and the genetic variation is present, snail populations will most likely become darker

What stage is this? Metaphase

Term given to sex cells… egg and sperm? Gametes

Factors that control traits are called genes

Individual who wrote “The Origin of Species” Charles Darwin

How many chromosomes do humans have in their gametes? 23

An organism with two of each kind of chromosome is said to be Diploid

Many genes are needed for a trait to be expressed Polygenic inheritance

Name of the Islands where biodiversity led Darwin to propose his theory Galapagos Islands

What is the Central Dogma? DNA RNA Protein Synthesis

In multicellular organisms, mitosis is used for Growth, healing, cell repair

What are versions of a gene called? alleles

Rapid change after a long period of no change in an organism Punctuated equilibrium

An organism produces an egg that has 40 chromosomes An organism produces an egg that has 40 chromosomes. The body cells should have… 80 chromosomes

The allele that is expressed by an organism Dominant allele

Homologous chromosomes exchange DNA during meiosis in a process called Crossing over

The name of Lamarck’s theory of evolution Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics OR Theory of Use and Disuse

Having 2 of the same version of a gene is called Homozygous

In which stage of mitosis are the pairs of sister chromatids lined up in the center of the cell? Metaphase

If a homozygous black guinea pig (bb) is crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig, what’s the chance they will have black offspring 100%

Individual who proposed that Earth was shaped by geological forces that occurred over long periods of time James Hutton

An organism that contains DNA from a different species is called Transgenic/ genetically modified

What rate of evolution is depicted below? Gradualism

Having 2 different versions of a gene Heterozygous/hybrid

What type of selection is exhibited in the graph below? Diversifying (disruptive)

When are sister chromatids separated? Anaphase

How many divisions occur during mitosis?

This diagram depicts which theory of evolution? Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Traits

How many divisions occur during meiosis? 2

An organism’s physical appearance is its phenotype

Says that all organisms are related through a common ancestor and accumulated adaptations for different environments Descent with Modification

A picture of all the chromosomes in an individual’s cells karyotype

How many cells are made during mitosis?

Reproduction takes place at different times of the year Temporal isolation

What name describes the shape of DNA? Double helix

How many cells are made during Meiosis? 4

Populations are capable of interbreeding, but have different courtship rituals Behavioral isolation

One 2n cell produces 4 1n cells Meiosis

Both versions of a gene are expressed in an individual codominance

One 2n cell produces one 2n cell mitosis

Name the rate: bacteria become antibiotic resistant Punctuated equilibrium

What technology is used to compare DNA samples between individuals? DNA Fingerprinting

This division results in cells that are different from the parent cell Meiosis

This type of division cuts the chromosome number in half meiosis

A change in the environment causes one phenotype to completely replace another phenotype Directional selection

This results in offspring that are exactly alike mitosis

Which nitrogen base in RNA is not part of dna? uracil

A picture of all the chromosomes within a cell Karyotype

Which combination of sex chromosomes results in a male human being? XY

The process in which homologous chromosomes exchange pieces of DNA during Metaphase 1 Crossing Over

Chromosomes are randomly sorted into daughter cells during Anaphase 1 and 2 Independent Assortment

What pattern of inheritance is seen below? Autosomal recessive

Chromosomes that carry similar genetic information Homologous chromosomes

t/f a complex organism will use every gene in each of its cells False

Showing a blended version of two genes is called Incomplete dominance

Which process is also known as asexual reproduction? Mitosis

Genes that are carried on sex chromosomes are called Sex-linked

An organism has 12% thymine in their dna. What % A do they have?

What is the goal of Meiosis? Increase genetic differences Sexual reproduction