2/23 “The Third Estate is the People and the People is the foundation of the State; it is in fact the State itself; the…People is everything. Everything should be subordinated to it…It is in the People that all national power resides and for the People that all states exist.”

Wealth Distribution Simulation Imagine that the United States is 100 people lined up from poorest to wealthiest Now imagine all of the money in the United States is $100 How much of this money does the wealthiest person in this line up have? The next 19 wealthiest combined? The bottom 80 combined? Poorest Wealthiest

The one wealthiest person owns $40 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPKKQnijnsM The one wealthiest person owns $40 The next 19 wealthiest people collectively own $53 The bottom 80 collectively own $7 This means that 20% of the population owns 93% of the wealth This is called inequality Ideal vs. Reality How big does the difference need to be to force action?

Brainstorm What is an unjust government? Generally and specific examples What would make you join a revolution today?

French Revolution

The Estates The “Old Regime” (pre-Revolution) in France was divided into 3 classes or “estates” First and Second Estate are known as “Privileged” Why? Run for office, own certain land etc. First Clergy 1% of pop.; 2% of income in taxes Second Nobles 2% of pop.; Almost 0% in taxes Third Bourgeoisie (business owners), urban workers, peasants 97% of pop.; High taxes (some 50% of income in taxes)

Brainstorm What might push these people to Revolution? Enlightenment Bad Economy Heavy taxes impede business Extravagant spending Weak Leader Louis XVI Marie Antoinette Raised taxes on nobility instead of cut his own spending

Video Demonstration https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zWp1wB3tPac&feature=youtu.be

1789 Estates General called to a meeting Each estate gets one vote Representatives from all three estates Each estate gets one vote Easy for privileged estates to outvote third estate Third Estate proposes revolting and forming the National Assembly End monarchy begin rep. gov. Citizens afraid King will send military to dismiss new gov. Storm the Bastille July 14, 1789 to take up arms Parade the streets

Great Fear Peasants afraid nobles may kill them Panic spreads Riots over rising bread costs Break into Versailles; kill and loot King Louis abandons Versailles Symbolic exit