Volume 383, Issue 9919, Pages 807-814 (March 2014) Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus doxycycline as oral eradicative treatment for melioidosis (MERTH): a multicentre, double-blind, non- inferiority, randomised controlled trial  Prof Ploenchan Chetchotisakd, MD, Wirongrong Chierakul, MD, Prof Wipada Chaowagul, MD, Siriluck Anunnatsiri, MD, Kriangsak Phimda, MD, Piroon Mootsikapun, MD, Seksan Chaisuksant, MD, Jiraporn Pilaikul, MD, Bandit Thinkhamrop, PhD, Sunchai Phiphitaporn, MD, Wattanachai Susaengrat, MD, Chalongchai Toondee, MD, Surasakdi Wongrattanacheewin, PhD, Vanaporn Wuthiekanun, BSc, Narisara Chantratita, PhD, Janjira Thaipadungpanit, PhD, Prof Nicholas P Day, FRCP, Dr Direk Limmathurotsakul, PhD, Prof Sharon J Peacock, FRCP  The Lancet  Volume 383, Issue 9919, Pages 807-814 (March 2014) DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61951-0 Copyright © 2014 Chetchotisakd et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Trial profile TMP-SMX=trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The Lancet 2014 383, 807-814DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61951-0) Copyright © 2014 Chetchotisakd et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Non-inferiority of TMP-SMX relative to TMP-SMX plus doxycycline Datapoints are the point estimate of the hazard ratio (HR) between the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) plus placebo group and TMP-SMX plus doxycycline group. Error bars are 95% CI. Clinical equivalence of TMP-SMX would be accepted if the upper bound of the 95% CI of the HR for culture-confirmed recurrent melioidosis (primary endpoint) was below the pre-defined non-inferiority margin (HR 1·7; dotted line). The Lancet 2014 383, 807-814DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61951-0) Copyright © 2014 Chetchotisakd et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Kaplan-Meier curves of probability without culture-confirmed recurrent melioidosis TMP-SMX=trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The Lancet 2014 383, 807-814DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61951-0) Copyright © 2014 Chetchotisakd et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions