What do all living things have in common? Agenda for Wednesday Feb 17th Enzyme Notes

All living things have carbon Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous, Sulfur (CHNOPS) make up 96% of the body weight of organisms

Energy of Reactions Minimum amount of energy needed for chemical reaction = activation energy

Types of Reactions Anabolic reactions Energy is required (Uses heat/energy) endothermic Creates larger molecules

Catabolic reactions break down molecules Energy/heat is released exothermic

What are these reactions? 1 2

Catalysts lowers the activation energy and speeds up a reaction Enzymes are biological catalysts

Enzymes as catalysts Speed up reactions/Lower activation energy Made up of PROTEINS Named for what they do lactase - breaks down lactose (milk sugars) Amylase - breaks down starch in food in mouth Protease - breaks down protein

Reaction before and after enzyme

Enzymes Reactants that bind to the enzyme are called substrates Specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme is called active site

Induced Fit Theory/Key and Lock Model Enzymes are SPECIFIC Will only function correctly if the shape of the substrate matches the active site

What do enzymes do? Agenda for Friday Feb 19th Catalase Lab

4 Conditions that affect enzymes Substrate Concentration Enzyme Concentration pH Temp

Catalase Lab Catalase – enzyme found in almost all living things Breaks down hydrogen peroxide (dangerous by product) 2 H2O2 → 2 H2O + O2 High concentration in liver in humans Stored in cell organelles called Peroxisomes

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