Diversity of Life – Activities 4 & 6 Atmosphere and Ocean Circulation – Activities 9 & 10 Rain Alternative Week of April 16th 2018 Version 1.1. 4/19/2018 8:27:08 AM

Activity 4 – Leaf Litter Organisms – Set Up Diversity of Life – Activity 4 – Leaf Litter Organisms – Set Up

Assemble Berlese funnel apparatus Goose-neck lamp Place tape on collecting container portion. Use permanent marker to label tape w/ lab section number and group number. Use graduated cylinder to add isopropyl alcohol to the bottom of the collecting container until it reaches a depth of approximately 1 cm. Place funnel on top of collecting container (Fig 4.1.) Make sure that the narrow end of the funnel is covered with screen. Empty contents of the plastic collecting bag into funnel. Funnel should be as full as possible. Leaf litter Funnel Funnel support/collection container Screen cover ~1 cm isopropyl alcohol Figure 4.1. Berlese funnel apparatus. Large funnel w/ leaf litter supported in collection container w/ ~1 cm isopropyl alcohol.

Activity 6 – Microscopic Fungi – Set Up Diversity of Life - Activity 6 – Microscopic Fungi – Set Up

Microscopic fungi Important decomposers in most ecosystems. Reproduce via spores too small to see with unaided eye, yet present on almost every surface. Inoculating petri dishes with fungal spores will enable you to see the fungi after they grow on the petri dish.

Get two Petri dishes with starch agar. Handle Petri dishes carefully to minimize contamination.

Use marker to label bottom Petri dishes (keep lids on). control loc 1 loc 2 control loc 3 loc 4 Figures 6.1 and 6.2. Markings and treatment labels for bottom of starch agar Petri dishes #1 and #2. Use marker to label bottom Petri dishes (keep lids on). Include Lab section #, Group # and Petri dish # (1 or 2). Draw lines that divide Petri dish into 3 pie-shaped sections and label sections.

Sampling microscopic fungi Select 4 different surfaces from 4 locations in your quadrat. Use separate sterile cotton swab for each surface. Only remove one swab at a time to maintain sterility. After swabbing surface, touch cotton tip to agar in appropriate area of petri dish. DO NOT seal Petri Dishes with parafilm.

Table 6.1. Descriptions of four microscopic fungi surfaces Description of Location # Location Surface 1 X 2 3 4 Record surface type for each of your four samples in Table 6.1.

Atmosphere and Ocean Circulation - Activity 9 – Ocean Surface Currents

Ocean Surface Circulation Currents Lateral movement of water at ocean surface. Determined by combined influence of atmospheric circulation patterns, water density differences, continents and the rotation of the Earth. Important due to role in influencing climate, global biogeochemical cycles and transporting organisms, chemicals, nutrients and pollutants. Image © Rick Lumpkin NOAA/OAML.

Recreate map and plot data for eight buoys. Table 9.1. Ocean drifter buoy position coordinates (latitude, longitude) by date and buoy number for eight buoys 67906 71369 67903 Date Lat Lon 11/10/07 39 148 11/05/07 21 -130 10/22/07 46 170 12/10/07 40 150 12/05/07 23 -138 11/22/07 174 01/10/08 38 157 01/05/08 22 -141 12/22/07 178 02/10/08 37 163 02/05/08 -146 01/22/08 45 -177 03/10/08 35 169 03/05/08 -150 02/22/08 -170 04/10/08 172 04/05/08 24 -156 03/22/08 -166 05/10/08 36 173 05/05/08 -160 04/22/08 -162 Figure 9.2. Map of ocean drifter buoy tracks for eight buoys in the Pacific Ocean for periods of 6 to 20 months for various years. (Source: NOAA). Recreate map and plot data for eight buoys. Connect points, add arrow to show direction, label buoy lines.

Atmosphere and Ocean Circulation – Activity 10 – Vertical Structure of the Ocean

Mixed zone Thermocline Deep zone Uniformly mixed water, i.e. little to no change in temperature with increased depth. Thermocline Temperature decreases rapidly with increased depth. Deep zone Water is uniformly cold, i.e. little to no change in temperature with increased depth.

Typical Temperature Profiles

Ocean temperature (°C) Table 10.1 Ocean temperature (°C) data from surface to depth of 600 m at 5° N 110° W Table 10.2 Ocean temperature (°C) data from surface to depth of 600 m at 5° N 140° W Table 10.3 Ocean temperature (°C) data from surface to depth of 600 m at 5° N 180° W Ocean temperature (°C) Temp(°C) Depth (m) 26.0 25.5 25 22.5 50 18.0 75 13.5 100 13.0 125 12.0 150 11.0 200 10.5 250 10.0 300 9.5 350 9.0 400 8.5 450 8 500 Temp(°C) Depth (m) 26.0 25 50 75 25.5 100 23.0 125 18.0 150 13.5 175 13.0 200 11.0 250 10.0 300 9.0 350 8.5 400 8.0 450 7.5 500 Temp(°C) Depth (m) 28.5 25 50 28.0 75 27.5 100 21.5 150 13.5 200 10.5 250 9.5 300 9.0 350 8.5 400 8.0 450 7.5 500 Ocean depth (m) Figure 10.1. Ocean temperature (°C) from surface to a depth of 500 m for three longitudes (110° W, 140° W, 180° W) at 5°N latitude. Plot temperature vs. depth data for locations from three locations.

Table 10.4. Starting and ending depths (m) for mixed, thermocline and deep zone at three sampling locations Sampling Location Longitude at 5° N Latitude 110° W 140° W 180°9 W Zone Start/End Depth Mixed zone Start End Thermocline Deep zone 500 Determine beginning and ending depths for each zone at all three locations, based on your graph.

What’s Due Weekly Data Sheets: Weekly Write-Ups: P. 161, 355, 363 and 367. P. 147, 165, 359-60 and 371. PowerPoint available at https://eeltown.org/evpp-110-spring-2018/