The COLD WAR 1945-1991.

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Presentation transcript:

The COLD WAR 1945-1991

I. A Divided Europe A. Iron Curtain* of Communism— Western Europe democratic, Eastern Europe communist 1.=domination of USSR over the east

II. Germany & Japan Transformed A. Democracy in West Germany 1. Germany & Berlin divided into 4 sectors: a. between Britain, US, France, USSR

2. Germany’s military disbanded 3. Nazi party outlawed 4. New West German democratic constitution 5. Lessons of the Holocaust: a. some financial compensation to surviving victims

B. Democracy in Japan 1. Occupied by US after WWII 2. Japan’s military disbanded 3. War crimes trials 4. US wanted to end Japanese militarism & create a democratic govt in Japan to be an ally

5.Japan’s New Constitution: a. Written with help of the US b. Created constitutional monarchy; just like Britain c. Set up democratic govt d. Basic rights to Japanese e. Disbanded overseas empire of Japan (= China really happy!)

Japan’s New Govt

III. Two Superpowers* A. US (democratic) v. USSR (communist) 1. Both came to dominate the world 2. Became enemies (both have A- bomb) 3.=due to decline of Britain & France a. both drained by WWII

IV. The Cold War* Begins (1945-1991) A. Continuing state of tension between US & USSR 1.Differing views politically, socially, economically 2. Spread of satellite* nations of USSR a.= spread of communism in East Europe 3. USSR set sights on Turkey & Greece

3. US sent aid to Greece & Turkey to stop USSR B. The Truman Doctrine* 1. =U.S. duty to help other nations resist Soviet aggression (i.e. communism) 2. Based on the theory of Containment*=attempt to limit communism & its expansion 3. US sent aid to Greece & Turkey to stop USSR

C.The Marshall Plan* 1.=massive economic aid package to Europe after WWII designed to help in rebuilding & to resist communism a. opposite of Treaty of Versailles 2. Only West Europe (democratic) took the aide http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshal l_Plan

Marshall Plan Expenditures

D. Crisis in Germany 1.Britain, France, US combined their zones in Germany= all democratic 2. USSR kept communism in their sector

Berlin Blockade Emerges

a. USSR closed all land routes to Berlin hoping to make allies leave 3. The Berlin Airlift*: 1948 a. USSR closed all land routes to Berlin hoping to make allies leave b. West dropped food/supplies using airdrops for over a year=USSR gave up & ended the blockade c. =Berlin divided between West (democratic) & East (communist) d. USSR built the Berlin Wall in 1961