Volume 84, Issue 1, Pages 179-191 (July 2013) Prevalence of depression in chronic kidney disease: systematic review and meta- analysis of observational studies  Suetonia Palmer, Mariacristina Vecchio, Jonathan C. Craig, Marcello Tonelli, David W. Johnson, Antonio Nicolucci, Fabio Pellegrini, Valeria Saglimbene, Giancarlo Logroscino, Steven Fishbane, Giovanni F.M. Strippoli  Kidney International  Volume 84, Issue 1, Pages 179-191 (July 2013) DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.77 Copyright © 2013 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Flowchart showing number of citations retrieved by database searching and the number and type of studies included in this review. BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Hamilton, Hamilton Depression Scale; WHO, World Health Organization. Numbers in lower boxes may not add to total number of unique study populations (n=249) when specific data were unavailable in individual studies. Kidney International 2013 84, 179-191DOI: (10.1038/ki.2013.77) Copyright © 2013 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Risk of bias in included studies (n=216). For each quality item: ‘Low risk of bias’ means that sufficient data were reported in the study to allow the assessment of quality and fulfilled the criteria for the quality item; ‘High risk of bias’ means that sufficient data were reported in the study to assess quality but did not fulfill the criteria for the quality item; and ‘Partial risk of bias’ means that incomplete data for the quality item were reported; the study had intermediate risk of bias. CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease. Kidney International 2013 84, 179-191DOI: (10.1038/ki.2013.77) Copyright © 2013 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Prevalence of syndromal depression diagnosed by clinical interview according to specified diagnostic criteria. Summary prevalence of depression identified by interview in people with chronic kidney disease (any stage) ordered by weight and summarized using random-effects meta-analysis. CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease stages 1–5. Kidney International 2013 84, 179-191DOI: (10.1038/ki.2013.77) Copyright © 2013 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Prevalence of depressive symptoms in people with chronic kidney disease stage 5D. CI, confidence interval; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Hamilton, Hamilton Depression Scale. Kidney International 2013 84, 179-191DOI: (10.1038/ki.2013.77) Copyright © 2013 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Prevalence of depressive symptoms in people with chronic kidney disease stages 1–5. CI, confidence interval. Kidney International 2013 84, 179-191DOI: (10.1038/ki.2013.77) Copyright © 2013 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Prevalence of depressive symptoms in kidney transplant recipients. CI, confidence interval. Kidney International 2013 84, 179-191DOI: (10.1038/ki.2013.77) Copyright © 2013 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions