13.3 Trigonometric Functions of Any Angle Algebra 2

General Definition of Trigonometric Functions Let θ be an angle in standard position and (x, y) be any point (except the origin) on the terminal side of θ. The six trigonometric functions of θ are defined as follows.

Examples: Let (-4, -3) be a point on the terminal side of θ. Evaluate the six trigonometric functions of θ. Let (-5, 12) be a point on the terminal side of θ. Evaluate the six trigonometric functions.

Example: Use the given point on the terminal side of an angle θ in standard position. Evaluate the six trigonometric functions of θ. (4, 5)

Quadrantal Angles Quadrantal angles- angles whose terminal side of θ lies on an axis.

Quadrantal Angles (Continue)

Examples: Evaluate the six trigonometric functions of θ = 270˚.

Reference Angles When wanting to determine the trigonometric ratios for angles greater than 90˚ (or less than 0˚) must use corresponding acute angles. Reference Angles: (corresponding acute angles) an acute angle θʹ formed by the terminal side of θ and the x-axis.

Reference Angle Relationships

Reference Angles Relationships

Examples: Find the reference angle θʹ for each angle θ.

Evaluating Trigonometric Functions. Step for evaluating a trigonometric function of any θʹ. Find the reference angle, θʹ. Evaluate the trigonometric function for the angle θʹ. Use the quadrant in which θ lies to determine the sign of the trigonometric function. Quadrant II Quadrant I Quadrant III Quadrant IV

Examples: Evaluate…

Examples: Evaluate…

Examples: Using the formula, estimate the horizontal distance traveled by a golf ball hit at an angle of 40˚ with an initial speed of 125 feet per second.

Example A golf club called a wedge is made to lift a ball high in the air. If a wedge has a 65˚ loft, how far does a ball hit with an initial speed of 100 feet per second travel?

Example: Your marching band’s flag corps makes a circular formation. The circle is 20 feet wide in the center of the football field. Our starting position is 140 feet from the nearer goal line. How fare from this goal line will you be after you have marched 120˚ counterclockwise around the circle?

Example: A circular clock gear is 2 inches wide. If the tooth at the farthest right edge of the gear starts 10 inches above the base of the clock, how far above the base is the tooth after the gear rotates 240˚ counterclockwise?