DO NOW Pick up notes and Review #30. Turn in any missing work.

REVIEW How does burning fossil fuels affect the amount of CO2 in Earth’s atmosphere?

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SES6. Students will explain how life on Earth responds to and shapes Earth systems. c. Explain how geological and ecological processes interact through time to cycle matter and energy, and how human activity alters the rates of these processes (e.g., fossil fuel formation and combustion).

CLASSIFICATIONS OF ENERGY SOURCES Nonrenewable Energy Renewable Energy

NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES FOSSIL FUELS Coal formed from the dead remains of trees, ferns and other plants that lived 300 to 400 million years ago. Oil and natural gas are from organisms that lived in the water and were buried under ocean or river sediments. Combustion of fossil fuels are contributing to air pollution, water pollution, ocean acidification, habitat destruction and multiple other environmental problems.

NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES FOSSIL FUELS Coal formed from the dead remains of trees, ferns and other plants that lived 300 to 400 million years ago. Oil and natural gas are from organisms that lived in the water and were buried under ocean or river sediments. Combustion of fossil fuels are contributing to air pollution, water pollution, ocean acidification, habitat destruction and multiple other environmental problems.

FOSSIL FUELS

NONRENEWABLE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE Coal is a cheap energy resource. Most power plants are made to use fossil fuels to make electricity. All are nonrenewable because they take millions of years to form. All release pollutants into the air when burned. Drilling for oil and natural gas and digging up coal can disturb fragile ecosystems.

NONRENEWABLE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE Coal is a cheap energy resource. Most power plants are made to use fossil fuels to make electricity. All are nonrenewable because they take millions of years to form. All release pollutants into the air when burned. Drilling for oil and natural gas and digging up coal can disturb fragile ecosystems.

NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES NUCLEAR POWER Nuclear power requires uranium as the fuel source. When uranium atoms are split (fission), heat is released. Water is circulated through the reactor to keep it cool. As the water turns to steam, it is forced through a turbine to generate electricity. There are 52 nuclear generating plants, which provide about 1 % of our total energy in the United States. Nuclear Power is nonrenewable because the amount of uranium fuel is not unlimited.

NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES NUCLEAR POWER Nuclear power requires uranium as the fuel source. When uranium atoms are split (fission), heat is released. Water is circulated through the reactor to keep it cool. As the water turns to steam, it is forced through a turbine to generate electricity. There are 52 nuclear generating plants, which provide about 1 % of our total energy in the United States. Nuclear Power is nonrenewable because the amount of uranium fuel is not unlimited.

NUCLEAR POWER

NUCLEAR POWER

NONRENEWABLE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE Uranium can be found in rocks all over the world. There is no air pollutions given off. The cost of uranium ore is cheap. Nuclear Power plants produce nuclear waste which is radioactive. Nuclear Power plants are expensive to build.

NONRENEWABLE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE Uranium can be found in rocks all over the world. There is no air pollutions given off. The cost of uranium ore is cheap. Nuclear Power plants produce nuclear waste which is radioactive. Nuclear Power plants are expensive to build.

RENEWABLE RESOURCES SOLAR POWER The sun's energy can be used to directly heat buildings or to provide hot water. It can also be converted to electricity. Photovoltaic devices (often called "solar cells") are expensive and can as yet produce only small amounts of electricity. Although solar power presently provides less than 1% of our energy, future developments may make it a convenient and inexpensive source of energy.

RENEWABLE RESOURCES SOLAR POWER The sun's energy can be used to directly heat buildings or to provide hot water. It can also be converted to electricity. Photovoltaic devices (often called "solar cells") are expensive and can as yet produce only small amounts of electricity. Although solar power presently provides less than 1% of our energy, future developments may make it a convenient and inexpensive source of energy.

SOLAR ENERGY

RENEWABLE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE Unlimited supply of sun power. Solar power produces no air or water pollution Solar cells are expensive to build but the price is coming down. Solar farms require a lot of land. Only certain areas get enough sunlight on a daily basis for solar energy to be economical.

RENEWABLE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE Unlimited supply of sun power. Solar power produces no air or water pollution Solar cells are expensive to build but the price is coming down. Solar farms require a lot of land. Only certain areas get enough sunlight on a daily basis for solar energy to be economical.

RENEWABLE RESOURCES WIND POWER Windmills have been used for many years to pump water or to grind flour. Modern wind devices are being developed to generate electricity. Small wind turbines can light a home or run small appliances. Less than 1 % of our energy is now being produced by wind power, but larger, more efficient generators are being tested.

WIND ENERGY

RENEWABLE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE Unlimited supply of wind power. Wind power produces no air or water pollution Not all areas of the world have enough wind. The wind turbines can kill birds as they turn. Some think the turbines are not pleasing to look at or listen to. Wind farms require a lot of land to place the turbines on.

RENEWABLE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE Unlimited supply of wind power. Wind power produces no air or water pollution Not all areas of the world have enough wind. The wind turbines can kill birds as they turn. Some think the turbines are not pleasing to look at or listen to. Wind farms require a lot of land to place the turbines on.

RENEWABLE RESOURCES GEOTHERMAL POWER Geothermal energy comes from the tremendous heat trapped deep within the Earth. Natural steam geysers are used to generate electricity. Hot water can also be pumped out of the ground to heat buildings. Geothermal sources account for less than 1 % of the total energy produced In the United States. Most of the sources are in the western third of the nation.

RENEWABLE RESOURCES GEOTHERMAL POWER Geothermal energy comes from the tremendous heat trapped deep within the earth. Natural steam geysers are used to generate electricity. Hot water can also be pumped out of the ground to heat buildings. Geothermal sources account for less than 1 % of the total energy produced In the United States. Most of the sources are in the western third of the nation.

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

RENEWABLE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE The Earth has no shortage of thermal activity. Can be used to heat homes (single house) and product electricity (power plant). The underground water does have some contaminants which are removed. Not all geothermal areas are in places where power plants can be built and not all areas have available geothermal sites.

RENEWABLE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE The Earth has no shortage of thermal activity. Can be used to heat homes (single house) and product electricity (power plant). The underground water does have some contaminants which are removed. Not all geothermal areas are in places where power plants can be built and not all areas have available geothermal sites.

RENEWABLE RESOURCES BIOMASS Biofuels are organic (once-living) matter such as trees, sugarcane, corn, manure, and seaweed. Some of these organic materials can be burned directly to produce heat. Others are converted into flammable liquids or gases. Corn can be distilled to produce methanol, which is then mixed with gasoline to produce gasohol. Biofuels provide about 2% of our energy in the United States.

RENEWABLE RESOURCES BIOMASS Biofuels are organic (once-living) matter such as trees, sugarcane, corn, manure, and seaweed. Some of these organic materials can be burned directly to produce heat. Others are converted into flammable liquids or gases. Corn can be distilled to produce methanol, which is then mixed with gasoline to produce gasohol. Biofuels provide about 2% of our energy in the United States.

BIOMASS ENERGY

RENEWABLE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE There is always available biomass to burn. Does not produce pollution that causes acid rain. Methane captured from landfills does not go into the atmosphere as a greenhouse gas. Does produce air pollution when burned. Contributes to global warming as it produces carbon dioxide.

RENEWABLE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE There is always available biomass to burn. Does not produce pollution that causes acid rain. Methane captured from landfills does not go into the atmosphere as a greenhouse gas. Does produce air pollution when burned. Contributes to global warming as it produces carbon dioxide.

RENEWABLE RESOURCES WATER POWER Moving water holds a tremendous amount of potential energy. Dams are built to direct falling water through turbine blades to generate electricity. About 3% of our total energy in the United States comes from waterpower. Small generators are being developed to generate electricity from small streams and rivers.

RENEWABLE RESOURCES WATER POWER Moving water holds a tremendous amount of potential energy. Dams are built to direct falling water through turbine blades to generate electricity. About 3% of our total energy in the United States comes from waterpower. Small generators are being developed to generate electricity from small streams and rivers.

WATER ENERGY

WATER ENERGY

RENEWABLE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE No air pollution is produced. The cheapest way to general electricity once the dam is built. Damming a river to produce electricity can disrupt wildlife and natural resources. Many of the dams in the United States are old. The drain on the drinkable water supply is also causing issues as towns may wind up needing to consume the water that provides them power too.

RENEWABLE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE No air pollution is produced. The cheapest way to general electricity. Damming a river to produce electricity can disrupt wildlife and natural resources. Many of the dams in the United States are old. The drain on the drinkable water supply is also causing issues as towns may wind up needing to consume the water that provides them power too.

RENEWABLE RESOURCES OCEAN POWER – TIDES AND WAVES Experiments are currently under way to capture power from the tides. Other efforts are being directed toward using temperature changes and wave action to produce electricity. There may be enough energy in the oceans to power all the Industrial machines in the world. We still need to discover some practical ways to harness this power.

RENEWABLE RESOURCES OCEAN POWER – TIDES AND WAVES Experiments are currently under way to capture power from the tides. Other efforts are being directed toward using temperature changes and wave action to produce electricity. There may be enough energy in the oceans to power all the Industrial machines in the world. We still need to discover some practical ways to harness this power.

OCEAN POWER

OCEAN POWER

RENEWABLE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE No air or water pollution is produced. The equipment in the ocean may disrupt wildlife and natural resources. Huge investment and limited availability of sites are few of the drawbacks. Can only be done in coastal areas. Can also be a source of disturbance to private and commercial vessels.

RENEWABLE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE No air or water pollution is produced. The equipment in the ocean may disrupt wildlife and natural resources. Huge investment and limited availability of sites are few of the drawbacks. Can only be done in coastal areas. Can also be a source of disturbance to private and commercial vessels.

THE ENERGY REVOLUTION VIDEO: Germany’s Energy Revolution

REVIEW One advantage of nuclear energy is that: It doesn’t produce waste It doesn’t produce carbon dioxide It isn’t radioactive It is cheap

TO DO Do Review #30. Work on missing assignments.