Cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in nephrotic syndrome

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Cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in nephrotic syndrome M. Moreira-Rodrigues, R. Roncon-Albuquerque, T. Henriques-Coelho, A.-P. Lourenço, B. Sampaio-Maia, J. Santos, M. Pestana, A.-F. Leite-Moreira  Kidney International  Volume 71, Issue 12, Pages 1240-1248 (June 2007) DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002204 Copyright © 2007 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Urinary excretion of sodium and urinary levels of noradrenaline in PAN and Control rats throughout the study. *P<0.05 vs Control rats. Kidney International 2007 71, 1240-1248DOI: (10.1038/sj.ki.5002204) Copyright © 2007 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Histology of the left ventricle (LV) and gastrocnemius muscle in PAN nephrosis, 14 days after injection. Cell transversal diameter of (a) cardiac (original magnification × 400 amplification, left ventricle) and (b) gastrocnemius muscle (original magnification × 200 amplification) cells, with respectively representative photographs. *P<0.05 vs control rats. Kidney International 2007 71, 1240-1248DOI: (10.1038/sj.ki.5002204) Copyright © 2007 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 FFRs obtained in multicellular muscle preparations from the LV myocardium in PAN nephrosis, 14 days after injection. Results are presented as percent variation from baseline AT at 0.5Hz. †P<0.05 for interaction with two-way repeated measures analysis of variance; *P<0.05 vs Control rats at an equivalent frequency of stimulation; ‡P<0.05 vs 1Hz, as evaluated with the Student–Newman–Keuls method for multiple group comparisons. Kidney International 2007 71, 1240-1248DOI: (10.1038/sj.ki.5002204) Copyright © 2007 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 LV mRNA expression in PAN nephrosis, 7 and 14 days after injection. The following genes were studied: (a) TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-1α; (b) BNP, pre-pro-endothelin 1 (ppET-1), and IGF-1; (c) IL-6, MHC-α, and MHC-β and (d) SERCA2a, PLB, and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). Results are expressed as AUs after normalization for GAPDH. The AU was set as the average value of the Control group and is presented as a reference line. *P<0.05 vs Control rats. Kidney International 2007 71, 1240-1248DOI: (10.1038/sj.ki.5002204) Copyright © 2007 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 LV protein levels of SERCA2a (110kDa) and total PLB (pentamer 25kDa plus monomer 10kDa), with respectively representative immunoblots, and SERCA2a to PLB ratio in PAN nephrosis, 14 days after injection. Results are expressed as AUs after normalization for GAPDH protein. The AU was set as the average value of the Control group. p, PLB pentamer and m, PLB monomer. *P<0.05 vs Control rats. Kidney International 2007 71, 1240-1248DOI: (10.1038/sj.ki.5002204) Copyright © 2007 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions