The Tudor Family History Note-taking Focus: How did the Tudor family change the world? Time Period: Reformation (begins October 31, 1517 – Wittenburg and lasts more than 100 years – there are still reform movements today) Renaissance (14th – 17th centuries – late 1300s to 1600s)

The Children of Kings Arthur (1486-1502) Catherine (1485-1536) Henry (1491-1547) Who are these people? Would you want to be them?

"If a lion knew his strength, it were hard for any man to hold him "If a lion knew his strength, it were hard for any man to hold him." - Sir Thomas Moore of Henry VIII

Henry’s first wife, Catherine of Aragon, was from Spain, one of the most powerful countries of the time period. She had only one child, Mary, in 1516. She never gave birth to a male child. How might this have been a problem?

The American historian Retha M The American historian Retha M. Warnicke writes that Anne was "the perfect woman courtier...... A remarkable, intelligent, quick-witted young noblewoman... that first drew people into conversation with her and then amused and entertained them. In short, her energy and vitality made her the center of attention in any social gathering."

Henry divorced Catherine in 1533 and married Ann Bolyn, changing the religion of the entire country. Henry became the head of the new Anglican Church of England, a form of protestantism very similar to Catholicism. Ann gave birth to a baby girl, Elizabeth, less than nine months after her marriage to Henry in 1533. She did not have any more children after this. Henry had her executed for treason, accusing her of adultery and incest. It is said that Ann and her brother were set up by their numerous enemies at court.

Henry married Jane Seymour, pictured below, within 24 hours of Ann Bolyn’s death. Less than nine months later, Jane gave birth to a son. Do you notice a pattern here? Edward, the next kind of England, was born in 1537. Jane died two weeks after Edward’s birth.

Henry waited two years before a marriage was arranged between him and Anne of Cleves, France. He ended divorcing her because of tensions between him and her father, the Duke of Cleves. She did not argue when she was sent back to France.

Kathryn Howard was only nineteen when she married Henry Kathryn Howard was only nineteen when she married Henry. He was thirty years her senior. He had her executed for adultery.

Henry finally married Katherine Parr in July of 1543, eighteen months after Kathryn Howard’s death. He was still married to her when he died January 28, 1547. She re-married, reportedly to her true love who waited for her until her husband died, and she died after childbirth in 1548.

Edward VI, King from 1547-1553 (born 1537) Considering his age, a council was formed to take over the rule of the country. Edward himself would be given control of the country upon his 16th birthday (figure out the math above to see what age he died). Edward was a serious Protestant and made many reforms to the Church of England. The most important reform was to provide free education up through grammar school. Not everyone, however, could afford to send their children to school even though it was free. The ability to read, however, was of primary importance to Protestants. Why do you think this is so?

Queen for Nine Days Lady Jane Grey (1537-1554) – cousin to Henry VIII and ward of Katherine Parr Crowned July 10, 1553; deposed July 19, 1553 Executed February 12, 1554

Mary, Queen from 1553-1558 Look through your notes… Who was Mary’s mother? What religion do you think Mary was? Her nick-name throughout history was Bloody Mary. Why do you think she earned this nick-name? She married Philip of Spain, but she did not have any children.

“I may not be a lion, but I am a lion’s cub, and I have a lion’s heart “I may not be a lion, but I am a lion’s cub, and I have a lion’s heart.” – Queen Elizabeth, 1558-1603 Who was Elizabeth’s mother? What religion do you think Elizabeth was? How did this effect her country? Her reign brought the Renaissance to England. It became a time where the arts, especially literature, flourished.

The Virgin Queen – Despite many marriage proposals, Elizabeth decided that she would never get married. “I have already joined myself in marriage to a husband, namely the kingdom of England.” –Elizabeth to Parliament

Gloriana Regina – “I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and a king of England too. And think foul scorn that Parma or Spain, or any Prince of Europe, should dare to invade the borders of my realm!” What stereotype about women does she use here?